2023 Paper

Question 1

Function of fibre

Answer 1

Helps to aid digestion and decrease constipation

Question 2

Function of the essential mineral ion

Answer 2

Helps with the formation of the red blood cell as it is a component of haemoglobin

Question 3

How does joint type affect flexibility

Answer 3

The shape of the articulating bones affects the number of planes that a joint can move in

Question 4

How does the length of connective tissue affect flexibility

Answer 4

The greater the length, the greater the range of movement before stretch reflex is initiated

Question 5

Yield of ATP/PC system

Answer 5

1 mole per PC

Question 6

Example of system that used ATP/PC system

Answer 6

100m sprint

Question 7

How does speed of release affect the horizontal distance

Answer 7

The faster the speed of release the further the projectile will go

Question 8

How does the height of release affect the distance travelled by a projectile

Answer 8

The higher the release in relation to landing area the further the projectile travels

Question 9

The role of the sternocleidomastoid in the mechanisms of breathing

Answer 9

• It hooks with the movement to lift the ribcage further up and out than at rest
• Increases the volume in the thoracic cavity further than at rest
• Reduces pressure in the thoracic cavity more than at rest

Question 10

The role of the internal intercostals in the mechanisms of breathing

Answer 10

• Pulls the ribcage faster in and down than at rest
• Reduces the volume of thoracic cavity further than at rest
• Increases pressure in the thoracic cavity more than at rest

Question 11

Describe Krebs cycle

Answer 11

• Acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid
• Citric acid is then oxidised
• This yields 2 ATP
• Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria

Question 12

Describe the ETC

Answer 12

• Occurs in the Cristal of mitochondria
• Yields 34 moles of ATP
• By products - water

Question 13

Using knowledge of the recovery process, explain why it takes longer or the performer who sprints to recover

Answer 13

• Sprinting is a higher intensity and is anaerobic so this increases the oxygen deficit
• Sprinting is a higher intensity and is anaerobic so lactic acid is produced
• The sprinter has a greater EPOC so needs more oxygen to replenish and oxidise the lactic acid

Question 14

Describe one typical continuous training

Answer 14

• 50% of HR max
• 20+ mins
• aerobic exercise like running

Question 15

Three muscular adaptations of aerobic training

Answer 15

• Increased strength of respiratory muscles
• Increased size of SO muscle fibres
• Increased density of mitochondria

Question 16

Cross country skier type of strength and justification

Answer 16

• Dynamic strength
• Skier needs to contract muscles to cause movement over prolonged periods

Question 17

ski jumper type of strength and justification

Answer 17

• Static strength
• Skier needs to be able to maintain strong body position in flight of the jump

Question 18

Asthma and lung cancer - what impact will training have

Answer 18

• Increased respiratory muscle strength which decreases respiratory effort
• Decreased resting breathing rate which helps to reduce fatigue
• Increased SA of alveoli which maximises gas exchange

Question 19

Osteoarthritis description and possible cause

Answer 19

• Breakdown of cartilage
• It can be caused from inadequate footwear for example a sprinter wearing inappropriate footwear every time they train

Question 20

Stress fracture description and possible cause

Answer 20

• Small crack in bone
• Can occur from overtraining
• A marathon runner running too far frequently

Question 21

Four factors affecting stability

Answer 21

• Mass: Greater the mass the more stable
• Height of COM: the low the COM the more stable
• Line of gravity: The closer the line of gravity to the centre of the base the more stable
• Base of support: The larger the area of the base of support the more stable

Question 22

Two factors affecting the size of the MOI of a rotating body

Answer 22

• Mass
• Distribution of the mass from the axis of rotation

Question 23

Relationship between MOI and angular velocity

Answer 23

• Inverse relationship
• A diver will tuck their body position to decrease MOI and increase angular velocity

Question 24

How the appropriate use of topspin in tennis causes the flight path of the ball to deviate

Answer 24

• The airflow over the top of the ball is in the opposite direction to the direction for spin
• The airflow underneath the ball is in the same direction as the direction of spin
• The airflow over the top of the ball travels slower than below
• The pressure above the ball is higher which creates a pressure gradient
• The total Magnus force is acting downwards from COM

Question 25

Benefit of topspin

Answer 25

Can hit the ball harder and it will still stay in court