Bones and Joints Flashcards
Cartilaginous joints
Slightly moveable, joined together with cartilage only
Synovial joints
Freely moveable, uniaxial: ball and socket, saddle, pivot, hinge
Condyloid joints
Strong, allow movement in 2 planes
Functions of skeleton
Shape, support, protection, movement, blood cell production, mineral storage
Pelvis
Supports abdominal organs
Tibia
Part of the leg - helps to walk
Femur
Movement in leg, mineral storage
Talus
Support in foot
Radius
Movement in the arm
Carpels
Support for hand
Long bones use and example
Movement and tibia
Short bones use and example
Bearing weight and carpal
Sesamoid bones use and example
Reinforce and decrease stress on tendon and patella
Saddle joint
Moved in one plane. Example is base of thumb
Ligaments
Hold 2 ends of bone together for stability & movement
Synovial fluid
Thick white fluid that reduces friction in a joint
Synovial membrane
Layer that lines synovial joint, producing synovial fluid
Joint capsule
Protective layer around joint
Bursae
Small sacks filled with fluid, located where ligaments or bones could cause friction
Menisci
Pads of tissue in the knee, shock absorbers
Lateral flexion
Bending from side to side - spine
Medial rotation
Rotating towards midline of body
Lateral rotation
Rotating outwards from midline
Pronation
Turning palm to face downwards
Supination
Turning palm to face upwards
Dorsiflexion
Bring foot upwards toward shin
Articular cartilage
Hard, smooth & cover ends of bones where they meet. Stabilises joint
Abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body
Adduction
Movement towards the midline of the body
Spinal structure (top to bottom)
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum (fused), coxics (fused)
