bones and fossae Flashcards

1
Q

how many bones in the adult cranium

A
  • 22 bones in the adult cranium
  • plus the 6 bones of the middle ear and the mandible
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2
Q

regions of the brain

A

the skull can be divided into 2 regions - the neurocranium that protects the brain and the viscerocranium that forms the face

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3
Q

functions of the skull

A
  • protects the brain and the organs of special sense
  • provides openings for passage of food and air
  • houses teeth for mastication
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4
Q

neurocranium

A

8 cranial bones
- frontal, parietal, sphenoid, ethmoid, temporal, occipital

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5
Q

viscerocranium

A

14 facial bones

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6
Q

temporal fossa

A

a shallow depression on the temporal region of the skull. it forms one of the largest landmarks of the skull.

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7
Q

how does the temporal fossa communicate with infratemporal fossa

A

inferiorly via and opening deep to the zygomatic arch

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8
Q

what is the temporal fossa mainly occupied by

A

mainly occupied by the temporalis muscle which has a wide attachment spread across the fossa.
the temporal fossa also harbours some important neurovascular structures such as the deep temporal vessels and nerves

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9
Q

infratemporal fossa

A

large space which is medial to ramus of mandible, lateral to lateral pterygoid plate, posterior to maxillary tuberosity and anterior to tympanic part of the temporal bone

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10
Q

what does the infratemporal fossa contain

A

it contains superficial muscles, including the lower part of the temporal muscle, the lateral pterygoid muscle, and the medial pterygoid muscle

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11
Q

what blood vessels and nerves does the infratemporal fossa contain

A
  • the middle meningeal artery
  • the pterygoid plexus
  • the mandibular nerve and its branches
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12
Q

pterygopalatine fossa

A

pyramidal-shaped space inferior to the apex of the orbit
- lies anterior to the pterygoid process of the sphenoid and posterior to the maxilla

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13
Q

what does the pterygopalatine fossa contain

A

neurovascular structures:
- pterygopalatine ganglion
- maxillary artery and its branches
- emissary veins
- maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
- nerve of the pterygoid canal

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14
Q

foramina and fissures

A

foramen - opening or hole
fissure - slit-like groove

transmit nerves and blood vessels

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15
Q

anterior cranial fossa foramen and fissures

A
  • cribriform plate
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16
Q

middle cranial fossa - foramen and fissures

A
  • superior orbital fissure
  • optic canal
  • foramen rotundum
  • foramen ovale
  • foramen spinosum
17
Q

posterior cranial fossa - foramen and fissures

A
  • internal acoustic (auditory) meatus
  • jugular foramen
  • hypoglossal canal
  • foramen magnum
18
Q

cribriform plate

A

location - ACF
opens into nasal cavity
- transmits olfactory nerve

19
Q

superior orbital fissure

A

location. - MCF
opens into orbit
-transmits- oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, abducens nerve, ophthalmic vein, ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve

20
Q

optic canal

A

location MCF
opens into - orbit
transmits optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

21
Q

foramen rotundum

A

location - MCF
opens into - pterygopalatine canal -> infraorbital fissure -> orbit
transmits maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

22
Q

foramen ovale

A

location - MCF
opens into infratemporal fossa
transmits mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

23
Q

foramen spinosum

A

location MCF
open into infratemporal fossa
transmits middle meningeal vessels

24
Q

foramen lacerum

A

location MCF
opens into - this is a gap between the petrous part of temporal bone and the sphenoid bone
transmits - cartilage, internal carotid artery

25
Q

internal acoustic meatus

A

location - PCF
opens into - petrous temporal bone
transmits - facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, labyrinthine artery

26
Q

jugular foramen

A

location - PCF
opens into neck
transmits - glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, spinal accessory nerve, internal jugular vein

27
Q

hypoglossal canal

A

location - PCF - externally this sits just under the occipital condyle
opens into neck
transmits hypoglossal nerve

28
Q

foramen magnum

A

location - PCF
opens into neck
transmits - medulla oblongata and meninges, spinal part of accessory nerve, vertebral arteries, anterior and posterior spinal arteries

29
Q

inferior orbital fissure

A

location - between posterior wall of maxilla and greater wing of sphenoid
opens into orbit
transmits maxillary nerve and infraorbital vessels

30
Q

stylomastoid foramen

A

location - external surface between styloid and mastoid processes
exits - petrous temporal bone
transmits facial nerve

31
Q

carotid canal

A

location - external surface in the petrous portion of the temporal bone
merges with foramen lacer
transmits internal carotid artery

32
Q

mandibular foramen

A

location - medial aspect of mandibular ramus
opens into - mandibular canal
transmits inferior alveolar nerve and vessels

33
Q

mental foramen

A

location - lateral aspect of the body of the mandible
opens onto chin
transmits mental nerve and vessels

34
Q

incisive foramen

A

location - hard palate, posterior to central incisors, in midline
opens onto roof of mouth
transmits - nasopalatine nerve

35
Q

grater palatine foramen

A

location - posterior hard palate, medial to 3rd molar
opens onto roof of mouth
transmits greater palatine nerve and vessels

36
Q

lesser palatine foramen

A

location - posterior hard palate, posterior to greater palatine foramen
opens onto roof of mouth
transmits lesser palatine nerve and vessels

37
Q

infraorbital foramen

A

location - maxilla
opens onto cheek
transmits infraorbital nerve and vessels