Bones and Anatomy Flashcards
What is an antagonistic pair of muscles?
A pair of muscles where one muscle works while the other relaxes.
Biceps-Triceps
Hamstrings-Quadriceps
Name the four classifications of bones.
Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones
Name the four types of joints.
Condyloid joint - Wrist
Pivot joint - Neck
Hinge joint - Knee
Ball and socket joint - Shoulder
Name the bones in the arm.
Humerus, Ulna and Radius
What is the breast bone called?
The Sternum
Name the types of movements in the body.
Abduction Adduction Dorsi- flexion Plantar- flexion Extension Flexion Rotation
What is the function of long bones?
To provide structure, strength and also leverage within the body.
Name the types of muscle fibres and their functions.
Type 2 are fast twitch and activate quickly and benefit an athletes ability to sprint and use their muscles very quickly over a very short time period. A 100m sprinter will try to train their Type 2 fibres although these are harder to train than their slow twitch fibres.
Type 1 are slow twitch and benefit an athlete’s ability to work their muscles over a longer time period without fatiguing. Someone like a marathon runner will train their slow twitch fibres to improve their fitness.
Type 2 can be placed into two more categories of fast twitch muscles fibres.
Outline the basics of muscle fibres.
Fast twitch muscle fibres (llb) allow for very fast movement and explosions of power within the muscle. These fibres cannot be trained as they are a genetic component of our bodies when we are born.
Type lla are for long distance and aerobic exercise and can be trained to increase their effectiveness and efficiency.
All of these fibres are innate and the ratio of these fibres cannot be changed as they are gentic.
Name the sections of the vertebrae column.
Coccyx, Lumbar, Thoracic, Sacrum, Cervical.
Name the functions of the skeleton.
To provide a base for muscle attachment.
To protect vital organs.
To aid in the production of red blood cells.
To store and produce calcium, phosphorus and other essential minerals.
To allow joints to function for movement.
What is the knee bone called?
Patella
What is a ligament?
It is the material that holds bone to bone.
What is a tendon?
It is a material that holds muscles to bone.
What is cartilage?
It is a soft substance that sits between bones and stops them rubbing together. It can be worn down due to excessive use of a certain set of muscles or limbs and damaged cartilage can require surgery or long rest for it to fully recover.
