Bones

Question 1

Type of Curve

Answer 1

Lordosis

Question 2

No. of segments

Answer 2

5

Question 3

Features of a lumbar vertebra

Answer 3

> Large, wide body (robust to support whole body)
Broad + Short pedicles + laminae
Mamillary processes (muscle attachment on internal aspect of superior articular processes)
Vertically ‘wrapped’ facets (allow flex/extend but limit rotation)
Transverse Processes = thin + long
Quadrangular spinous processes which project dorsally

Question 4

Line of gravity

Answer 4

Directly through the vertebral bodies

Question 5

Key landmarks in palpation

Answer 5

> between L4/5 = iliac crest

> S2 = PSIS

Question 6

Sacrum

Answer 6

> 5 fused vertebrae
Kyphotic curve
Base of L5 articulates Sacrum (promontory and superior articular processes)
inferior apex articulates with coccyx
Median ridge on posterior aspect or ‘tubercles’ which are the spinous processes of the fused vertebrae
Sacral Canal carries the spinal nerves and foramina allow exit

Question 7

Coccyx

Answer 7

> 3/4 fused vertebrae (small + triangular)
Decrease in size
Directed inferiorly and anteriorly
Disc between S5 and Co1