Bones

Question 1

What is the main composition of Bone?

Answer 1

HA + collagen
● Bones + HCl → Collagen → Elastic
● Bones + Heat → HA → Brittle

Question 2

Give 3 types of Bone Cell and their function

Answer 2

① Osteoblasts → create bones
(synthesis of collagen and HA)

② Osteoclasts → destroy bones
(synthesis and release of lysosomal enzymes and HCl)

③ Osteocytes → maintains the bone (links and signals)

Question 3

Types of Bone Growth (Ossification)

Answer 3

① Direct Ossification (Woven, new bone)

② Indirect Ossification

Question 4

Categorized Bone Replacement based from the source of bone

Answer 4

● Xenogen → from animals
● Allogen → from other human
● Autologous → from own body
● Synthetic → laboratory made

Question 5

Categorized Bone Replacement based on the source of bone

Answer 5

● Xenogen → from animals
● Allogen → from other human
● Autologous → from own body
● Synthetic → laboratory-made

Question 6

Briefly describe what happens after bone fracture

Answer 6

① Inflammation → body will signal the bone cells about the fracture
② Soft Callus → grafting bones together will grow an excess tissue
③ Hard Callus → woven bones replace the soft callus
④ Remodelling → through the time the fractured area will be remodeled

Question 7

Enumerate ideal properties of an artificial bone graft material

Answer 7

● soluble by osteoclast (HA based)
- body can excrete it at the right time
● porous and permeable
- so that blood vessel, osteoblast, and osteoblast can freely pass-through
● strength that compliments the use
- hip higher strength than other parts of the body

Question 8

How does Haver’s channel form?

Answer 8

it forms by the interaction of osteoclast and osteoblast at a same site

Question 9

Value of continual bone remodelling

Answer 9

① Bone adjust in relation to the applied stress/ load
② Bone can rearrange or reshape for proper mechanical support
③ Repairs micro-damages
④ Mobilization of calcium

Question 10

Describe Bone Remodelling Process

Answer 10

① Osteoclasts are drilling channels into the bone (Haver´s channel)
② Osteoblasts are coming and producing osteoid onto the walls
③ Osteoblasts are entrapped and become Osteocyte
④ More lamelles will form

Question 11

What is the difference between osteoconduction and osteoinduction, osteoproduction and osteointegration?

Answer 11

● Osteoconduction: the characteristic of bone growth and bonding along surface (enable bone growth at the surface (= at contact area))

● Osteoinduction: substances released by the implant / scaffold, bone formation is induced / promoted not only in direct contact with the surface of the biomaterial

● Osteoproduction: changing of environment, promotion of bone growth outside (= not only in contact area)

● Osteointegration: direct bone encourage to an implant that has the ability to transmit loading forces directly to the bone, therefore implant becomes fully integrated with the bone tissue without fibrous capsule interface

Question 12

What is Osteoconduction?

Answer 12

● Osteoconduction: the characteristic of bone growth and bonding along surface (enable bone growth at the surface (= at contact area))

Question 13

What is Osteoinduction?

Answer 13

● Osteoinduction: substances released by the implant / scaffold, bone formation is induced / promoted not only in direct contact with the surface of the biomaterial

Question 14

What is Osteoproduction?

Answer 14

● Osteoproduction: changing of environment, promotion of bone growth outside (= not only in contact area)

Question 15

What is Osteointegration?

Answer 15

● Osteointegration: direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface of a load-bearing artificial implant