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Anatomy > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Hemopoiesis

A

Makes all your blood

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2
Q

Bones are for…

A
  • movement, anchor attachments for muscles
  • supports and protects, surrounds vital organs
  • storage of minerals and energy reserves
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3
Q

Bones have…

A

All tissue types
- spongy bone
- compact bone
- reticular connective tissue and fluid connective tissue
- smooth muscle (in blood vessels in the bone)

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4
Q

Periosteum

A
  • covers the bone
  • organ capsule of the bone
  • made of DICT
  • protein fibers in compact bone
  • attachment for tendons and ligaments
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5
Q

Medullary cavity

A
  • hollow cylindrical space in diaphysis region
  • holds yellow bone marrow
  • lined with epithelium
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6
Q

Epiphysis

A
  • end of bone
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7
Q

Metaphysis

A
  • inbetween epiphysis and diaphysis
  • contains epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
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8
Q

Diaphysis

A
  • main central shaft of the bone
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9
Q

Nutrient foreman

A

Little hole in bone where blood vessels pass through

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10
Q

Structure of a bone (organic and inorganic)

A

Cells, collagen, fibers, ground substance, calcium compounds

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11
Q

Compact bone

A
  • solid and dense
  • external surface
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12
Q

Spongy bone

A
  • bone marrow makes up part of this
  • makes red blood cells
  • inside bone structure
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13
Q

Central canal

A
  • hole in the middle of the osteon
  • interstitial fluid/ground substance
  • blood vessels and nerves supply the bone
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14
Q

Concentric lamellae

A
  • rings of bone surrounding central canal
  • bulk of osteon
  • alternating directions of collagen fibers
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15
Q

Canaliculi

A
  • extension of osteocyte
  • channels connecting lacunae
  • nutrients, minerals, gases, waste radiate throughout bone
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16
Q

OsteoCYTES

A
  • MAINTAINS bone
  • live in lacunas
  • little tentacles into the baby canals called canaliculi
  • gap junctions
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17
Q

OsteoCLASTS

A
  • BREAK bone
  • eats out the middle of bones to form medullary cavity
  • secretes hydrochloride acid which dissolves bone
  • keeps cavity at proportional size so bones are strong but light
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18
Q

OsteoBLASTS

A
  • GROW bone
  • secretes osteoid which later becomes bone
  • mineral salts into the collagen
  • build bones outward
19
Q

Ossification

A
  • the formation and development of bones
  • begins by 8th week of embryonic development and continues into adulthood
20
Q

Epiphyseal plates

A
  • growth plates
  • go away after you stop growing (average at about 26 yo)
  • found in the metaphysis of your bones
21
Q

Interstitial growth

A
  • bones getting longer
  • happens in epiphyseal plates
22
Q

Appositional growth

A
  • bones getting wider in diameter
  • osteoblast dependent
  • pulling stress on periosteum increases bone width
23
Q

Condyle

A

-large, smooth oval
- like knuckles
- fit in a facet

24
Q

Facet

A
  • small, flat, shallow
  • place where a bone fits in
25
Q

Head

A
  • 1 prominent, rounded, epiphysis
  • only 4 (shoulders and hips)
26
Q

Trochlea

A
  • knob with a dent in the middle
  • hinge/pulley-like
27
Q

Depressions

A
  • grooves, pits, or sockets
  • alveolus
28
Q

Alveolus

A
  • deep pit/socket
  • where all your teeth go
29
Q

Fossa

A
  • flat part of a bone
  • where muscle fits
  • NOT cup and bone
30
Q

Sulcus

A

narrow groove

31
Q

Crest

A
  • process
  • top of the hip bone
32
Q

Ramus

A
  • process
  • sharp angular turn
  • jaw
33
Q

Spine

A
  • process
  • bone comes to a point
  • scapula and hip
34
Q

Tubercle

A
  • process
  • bump on humerus
  • covered in cartilage
35
Q

Tuberosity

A
  • process
  • blob
  • bottom of hip bones
36
Q

Trochanter

A
  • process
  • one
  • on femur, ridge
37
Q

Process

A

Any marked bony prominence

38
Q

Openings

A
  • exposed to outside world
  • eye socket
39
Q

Spaces

A
  • inside, not exposed to outside world
  • hallow space
  • sinus’s
40
Q

Fissure

A
  • narrow, slit like opening in bone
  • back cracks of eye socket
41
Q

Foramen

A
  • rounded window/opening in bone
  • Lutein vertebrae
42
Q

Canal

A

Tube through bone

43
Q

Osteoporosis

A
  • aging In bones
  • when creation of new bone doesn’t keep up with loss of old bone
  • bigger holes in bones
  • Bones get more brittle and demineralized
  • loss of calcium
  • more common in women

Anatomy (14 decks)

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