Bones Flashcards
1
Q
Hemopoiesis
A
Makes all your blood
2
Q
Bones are for…
A
- movement, anchor attachments for muscles
- supports and protects, surrounds vital organs
- storage of minerals and energy reserves
3
Q
Bones have…
A
All tissue types
- spongy bone
- compact bone
- reticular connective tissue and fluid connective tissue
- smooth muscle (in blood vessels in the bone)
4
Q
Periosteum
A
- covers the bone
- organ capsule of the bone
- made of DICT
- protein fibers in compact bone
- attachment for tendons and ligaments
5
Q
Medullary cavity
A
- hollow cylindrical space in diaphysis region
- holds yellow bone marrow
- lined with epithelium
6
Q
Epiphysis
A
- end of bone
7
Q
Metaphysis
A
- inbetween epiphysis and diaphysis
- contains epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
8
Q
Diaphysis
A
- main central shaft of the bone
9
Q
Nutrient foreman
A
Little hole in bone where blood vessels pass through
10
Q
Structure of a bone (organic and inorganic)
A
Cells, collagen, fibers, ground substance, calcium compounds
11
Q
Compact bone
A
- solid and dense
- external surface
12
Q
Spongy bone
A
- bone marrow makes up part of this
- makes red blood cells
- inside bone structure
13
Q
Central canal
A
- hole in the middle of the osteon
- interstitial fluid/ground substance
- blood vessels and nerves supply the bone
14
Q
Concentric lamellae
A
- rings of bone surrounding central canal
- bulk of osteon
- alternating directions of collagen fibers
15
Q
Canaliculi
A
- extension of osteocyte
- channels connecting lacunae
- nutrients, minerals, gases, waste radiate throughout bone
16
Q
OsteoCYTES
A
- MAINTAINS bone
- live in lacunas
- little tentacles into the baby canals called canaliculi
- gap junctions
17
Q
OsteoCLASTS
A
- BREAK bone
- eats out the middle of bones to form medullary cavity
- secretes hydrochloride acid which dissolves bone
- keeps cavity at proportional size so bones are strong but light
18
Q
OsteoBLASTS
A
- GROW bone
- secretes osteoid which later becomes bone
- mineral salts into the collagen
- build bones outward
19
Q
Ossification
A
- the formation and development of bones
- begins by 8th week of embryonic development and continues into adulthood
20
Q
Epiphyseal plates
A
- growth plates
- go away after you stop growing (average at about 26 yo)
- found in the metaphysis of your bones
21
Q
Interstitial growth
A
- bones getting longer
- happens in epiphyseal plates
22
Q
Appositional growth
A
- bones getting wider in diameter
- osteoblast dependent
- pulling stress on periosteum increases bone width
23
Q
Condyle
A
-large, smooth oval
- like knuckles
- fit in a facet
24
Q
Facet
A
- small, flat, shallow
- place where a bone fits in
25
Head
- 1 prominent, rounded, epiphysis
- only 4 (shoulders and hips)
26
Trochlea
- knob with a dent in the middle
- hinge/pulley-like
27
Depressions
- grooves, pits, or sockets
- alveolus
28
Alveolus
- deep pit/socket
- where all your teeth go
29
Fossa
- flat part of a bone
- where muscle fits
- NOT cup and bone
30
Sulcus
narrow groove
31
Crest
- process
- top of the hip bone
32
Ramus
- process
- sharp angular turn
- jaw
33
Spine
- process
- bone comes to a point
- scapula and hip
34
Tubercle
- process
- bump on humerus
- covered in cartilage
35
Tuberosity
- process
- blob
- bottom of hip bones
36
Trochanter
- process
- one
- on femur, ridge
37
Process
Any marked bony prominence
38
Openings
- exposed to outside world
- eye socket
39
Spaces
- inside, not exposed to outside world
- hallow space
- sinus’s
40
Fissure
- narrow, slit like opening in bone
- back cracks of eye socket
41
Foramen
- rounded window/opening in bone
- Lutein vertebrae
42
Canal
Tube through bone
43
Osteoporosis
- aging In bones
- when creation of new bone doesn’t keep up with loss of old bone
- bigger holes in bones
- Bones get more brittle and demineralized
- loss of calcium
- more common in women
