Bones Flashcards
Long bones
3 centers of ossification, diaphysis and one for each epiphysis
has medullary cavity
ex: humerus
short bones
no dimension that greatly exceeds others, no medullary cavity
ex: carpus
flat bones
expanded in 2 directions, no medullary cavity
ex: skull
pneumatic bones
contain air-filled spaces, no shape classification
ex: frontal bone
irregular bone
complex shapes, doesn’t fit in other catergories
ex: vertebrae
compact
very thin on border
no spaces in cells, very dense and rigid
spongy
in middle of bone
epiphysis
extremity on each end of long bone
diaphysis
body of long bone
metaphysis
immediately close to physis
cortex
border along long bone
physis
growth plate, between diaphysis and epiphysis
primary ossificaion center
before birth, located in diaphysis
secondary ossification center
after birth, located in epiphysis and large eminences
epiphysial artieries
located in epihpysis
metaphysial arteries
in diaphysis
nutrient artery
penetrates toward middle of diaphysis
nutrient foramen
where vessels can get into spongy bone and supply marrow
yellow marrow
“inactive”
infiltrated with fat, in medullary cavity
red marrow
in younger animals, or epiphysis in older animals
very active, produces white and red blood cells
organic material of bone
33%
Shape of bone, get rid of by burning
inorganic material of bone
67% of bone
Hard part of bone, get rid of with nitric acid
axial skeleton
longest line of skeleton
appendicular skeleton
attachments to skeleton body, thoracic and pelvic limbs
heterotropic skeleton
mineralized structures found in organs
not attached to skeleton
endosteum
inside covering medullary cavity and every space of spongy bone
membrane can eat and modify bone
periosteum
membrane around bone
can eat and modify bone
hyaline articular cartilage
only in articular surfaces of bone
Prevent friction and gives a smooth surface
becomes fibrous toward periosteum, blends with this and joint capsule
