Bones Flashcards
How many bones is a baby born with?
305
How many bones does an adult have?
206
What are the functions of the skeletal system?(5)
Aids in movement
Provides shape and support
Supports and protects internal organs
Produces blood cells
stores minerals and fats
What are the two major groups of the skeleton?
Axial and Appendicular
What parts does the axial skeleton include?
The head, ribs, and spine (sternum as well)
What parts does the appendicular skeleton include
Pelvis, shoulders, arms ,and legs
What do bones contain?
Bones contain osteocytes. 35% is organic matter and 65% is inorganic matter.
Bone Anatomy: What are the two types of bone? (inside)
Compact bone which is the hard outer layer and dense.
Spongy bone: inside of the bone, softer, weaker, and more flexible
What are the 5 bone types?
Long Bone (Ex: Femur)
Short bone (Ex: carpals and tarsals)
Irregular bone (Ex: Pelvis and vertebrae)
Flat bone (ex: sternum)
Sesmoid bone(Knee bone)
What is the Diaphysis and Medullary Canal?
Diaphysis: The shaft, hollow, cylinder of compact bone.
Medullary Canal: center of the shaft filled with yellow bone marrow
What is the Epiphysis?
The ends of the Diaphysis.
What are erythrocytes and where are the found in side the bone?
They are red blood cells and found in the red marrow at the end of a bone.
What is the Endosteum?
The lining of the Medullary Canal.
What is the periosteum and its job?
The periosteum is the hard outer covering of the bone and it is used for growth repair and nutrients.
What does Articular cartilage do?
Articular cartilage acts as a shock absorber between bones and is located on the epiphysis.
What are osteoblasts and osteoclasts?
Osteoblasts build bone. Blasts build
Osteoclasts destroy bone. Clasts crush or consume
What are the six types of bone fractures?
Simple or closed
Compound or open
Greenstick
Comminuted
Stress
Epiphyseal plate
What is a simple or closed fracture?
A broken bone inside the skin. The break can be complete or incomplete, displaced or nondisplaced
What is an open fracture?
A fracture that breaks through the skin.
What is a green stick fracture?
A fracture that is broken on the outer end of the bone. Think of a stick when you don’t break it completely and vertically you see half of it broken and the other half bent.
What is a comminuted fracture?
A bone that has been broken into three of more pieces.
What is a stress fracture?
A bone that has been broken due to overuse, poor muscle balance, previous injury, etc.
What is an epiphyseal fracture?
This is a fracture of the growth plate most common in wrists and ankles.
What does the SALTER acronym for epiphyseal fractures stand for?
S- Separation through the growth plate
A- Above and through the growth plate
L- lower or below and through the growth plate
T- Through the metaphysis, growth plate, and epiphysis
ER- Erasure or crushing of the growth plate
Signs and symptoms of fractures?
Swelling deformity pain tenderness discoloration
Treatment of fractures
Bone remodeling (destroying and replacing bone cells)
Reduction (putting the bone into proper spot)
External fixation (A cast)
Internal fixation (Sugery)
