Bones - 09/29/2015

Question 1

Functions of Bones

Answer 1

1. Support
2. Protection
3. Movement
4. Mineral Storage- calcium
5. Hematopoiesis- blood cell production “red bone marrow” (young people)
6. Triglyceride storage- lipid “yellow bone marrrow” (older people). Adipose Connective Tissue

Question 2

Bones of the Skeleton (two main groups)

Answer 2

1. Axial skeleton (brown)- skull, vertebrae column, thoracic cavity
2. Appendicular skeleton (yellow)- limb and limb points of attachment.

Question 3

Cartilages in Bones

Answer 3

1. Hylene cartilage (articular cartilage)- joints
2. Fibro cartilages- intervertebral discs
3. Elastic cartilage- external ear

Question 4

Classifications of bones by shape

Answer 4

1. long bones (height is greater than width)- hands, limbs and leg bones.
2. Short Bones (squared shape)- carpals and tarsals.
3. Flat Bones- skull, sternum, scapulae and ribs.
4. Irregular Bones (unusual shape) - hip bone and vertebrae.

Question 5

Bone Markings

Answer 5

Bulges, depressions and holes serve as…..

• sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments and tendons
• joint surfaces
• conduits of blood vessels and nerves

Question 6

Cells of Bones

Answer 6

1. Osteogenic cells divides and it becomes osteoblasts.
2. Osteoblasts make collagen fibers and ground substance. Bone making cells.
3. Osteocyte are mature bone cell. They are communication signal cells.
4. Osteoclasts digestion/absorption of bone. Gets rid of old bone.
   - These four cells are organic chemical composition of bone.

Question 7

Chemical Composition of Bone: Organic

Answer 7

Osteod- organic bone matrix secreted by osteoblasts (young people)

Question 8

Chemical Composition of Bone: Inorganic

Answer 8

Hydroxyapatites (mineral salts)

• 65% of bone mass.
• Mainly calcium phosphate crystals.
• Responsible for hardness and resistance to compression.