Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK clin Med > Bone tumors & cysts > Flashcards

Bone tumors & cysts Flashcards

1
Q

Are most primary bone tumors benign or malignant

A

Benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are most benign tumors diagnosed

A

Xray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What characteristics will be seen on an xray with a malignant bone tumor

A

poorly defined borders
cortical destruction
moth-eaten
Extend into soft tissue
Speculated periostea reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What characteristics will a benign tumor have on an xray

A

Well defined borders
Sclerotic border
No cortical destruction
No soft tissue extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are examples of PRIMARY bone cancers

A

Multiple myeloma
osteosarcoma
Ewing’s sarcoma
Chondrosarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most common cause of bone tumors in adults

A

Metastatic cancer via hematogenous spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are common primary sources for bone tumors

A

Lungs
Breast
Prostate
Kidney
Thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most common complaint of a bone tumor

A

Pain that develops over weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What diagnostic studies can be done for bone tumors

A

Xray
Bone scan
PET scan
MRI
CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a lytic lesion

A

Lesions that destroy bone material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a blastic lesion

A

Fills the bone with extra cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What will a lytic lesion look like on an Xray

A

Black hole in the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What will a blastic lesion look like on an xray

A

Abnormal white area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of imaging is useful for staging with bone tumors

A

Bone scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When is a CT scan used for bone tumors

A

Guide for biopsies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the most primary malignant tumor in pediatrics

A

Osteosarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When are osteosarcomas generally seen in children

A

During an adolescent growth spurt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some risk factors associated with osteosarcoma’s

A

Pagets disease (in older adults)
Previous radiation / chemotherapy
Inherited condition

*most have no risk factors

19
Q

Where are osteosarcomas found in the body

A

Metaphysis of long bones
-distal femur
-proximal tibia
-proximal humerus

20
Q

How will osteosarcomas present in kids

A

Pain developing over several months
large / tender soft tissue mass

21
Q

How will an osteosarcoma look on an xray

A

moth eaten
sunburst appearance / hair on end
cuff of new bone formation at edge of soft tissue

22
Q

What is Codman’s triangle

A

Cuff of new bone formation at the edge of the soft tissue mass

23
Q

What will alkaline phosphate look like in a positive osteosarcoma workup

A

Increase in advanced disease

24
Q

What will happen with LDH in a positive osteosarcoma workup

A

Increase with advanced disease

25
Q

How is an official osteosarcoma diagnosis made

A

Biopsy

26
Q

How are osteosarcomas treated

A

Surgery and chemo

27
Q

What are osteoid forming tumors

A

Osteoid osteoma
osteoblastoma

28
Q

What are cartilage forming bone tumors

A

Osteochondroma
Enchondroma

29
Q

What are bone cysts

A

Simple (unicameral)
Aneurysmal

30
Q

What are fibrous bone lesions

A

Fibrous dysplasia

31
Q

What is the most common benign bone tumor

A

Osteochondroma

32
Q

What age range are osteochondromas seen in most often

A

10-20y/o

33
Q

Where are osteochondromas usually seen

A

Around the knee and proximal humerus

34
Q

What is a tell-tale sign of an osteochondroma

A

Bone spur near the growth plate but growing away from it

35
Q

What presentation will you see with an osteochondroma

A

Painless mass
pain from compression of nearby structures
decreased ROM
fractures

36
Q

How do you usually treat osteochondromas

A

observation

37
Q

What is a noncancerous bone tumor that begins in the cartilage

A

Endochondroma

38
Q

What is the most common type of hand tumor

A

endochondroma

39
Q

What condition is described as normal bone marrow being replaced with fibrous tissue

A

Fibrous dysplasia of bone

40
Q

What is the effect fibrous dysplasia has on the bone

A

The bone formation becomes weak and prone to expansion

41
Q

What gene is fibrous bone dysplasia related to

A

GNAS1 gene mutation

42
Q

What is a bone cyst

A

fluid filled cavity in the bone

43
Q

Which type of bone are usually effected by bone cysts

A

Long bones
-humerus
-femur

44
Q

10% of patients with a unicameral bone cyst have what sign on xray

A

fallen fragment

MSK clin Med (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions