Bone Terminology and Evolution

Question 1

What is Evolution?

Answer 1

biological (genetic) change over time, or the change in gene frequency in a population from generation to generation.

Question 2

Darwin’s postulates

Answer 2

There is a struggle for existence, the variation in features is related to survival and reproduction, and variations are passed from generation to generation.

Question 3

What makes Humans unique?

Answer 3

bipedalism, small canines with large molars and thick enamel, large brains, long juvenile period, we talk and have an elaborate symbolic culture.

Question 4

Diastema

Answer 4

the space between canines and incisors, part of the CP3.

Question 5

Honing Complex

Answer 5

indicates presence of large, sharp canines

Question 6

Lordosis

Answer 6

the s-shape of the spinal chord.

Question 7

Axial Skeleton

Answer 7

the skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs

Question 8

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 8

the shoulders, pelvis, and limbs

Question 9

Superior

Answer 9

towards the head end of the human body. Cephalic or cranial are synonyms.

Question 10

Inferior

Answer 10

opposite of superior, body parts aways from the head.

Question 11

Anterior

Answer 11

towards the front of the human body, like the sternum is located anteriorly from the vertebral column.

Question 12

Posterior

Answer 12

opposite of the anterior, towards the back of the individual.

Question 13

Medial

Answer 13

Towards the midline

Question 14

Lateral

Answer 14

opposite of medial, away from the midline

Question 15

Proximal

Answer 15

nearest the axial skeleton, usually reserved for limb bones.

Question 16

Distal

Answer 16

opposite of proximal, usually used fro limb bones

Question 17

Palmar

Answer 17

palm side of the hand, the palmar surfaces of the digits are the pads the bear fingerprints.

Question 18

Plantar

Answer 18

sole of the foot. The surface that touches the ground when walking.

Question 19

Dorsal

Answer 19

the top of the foot or back of the hand.

Question 20

Mesial

Answer 20

towards the midline point of the dental arch where the central incisors contact each other.

Question 21

Distal (teeth)

Answer 21

opposite of mesial, the distal half of a premolar is the posterior half of the tooth.

Question 22

Lingual

Answer 22

towards the tongue

Question 23

Labial

Answer 23

opposite of lingual, towards the lips.

Question 24

Buccal

Answer 24

opposite of lingual, towards the cheeks. Usually reserved for molars and premolars