bone structure, classification, metabolism and devlopment

Question 1

smawhat is a bone

Answer 1

‘ A bone is a mineralised connective tissue that exabits four types of cells,: Osteoblasts, bone lining cells, osteocytes and osteoclasts

Question 2

why do we need bones?

Answer 2

• Provide shape and support for the body
• Protection for certain organs such as the lungs
• Environment for marrow
• Storage area for minerals

Question 3

bone composition?

Answer 3

• The weight of bones can vary significantly depending on individual factors
• Age, sex, body composition play a role in determining this
• Bones on average make up around 15% of an individual’s total weight

Question 4

why is understanding bone pathology important to overall health?

Answer 4

• Research
• Developing treatments
• Managing chronic conditions
• Provides greater understanding of genetic determinants of health
• Visualise conditions radiographically

Question 5

bones are composed of cells, what are the main three cateogories?

Answer 5

• osteoblasts
• osteocytes
• osteoclasts
  Cells have different roles of functions and work together to facilitate bone formation, strength and remodelling

Question 6

what is an osteoclast?

Answer 6

osteoclast is a type of bone cell that breaks down the bone tissue

Question 7

what is an osteoblast?

Answer 7

osteoblasts are cells that synthesise bone

Question 8

what are osteocytes?

Answer 8

osteocytes are osteoblasts trapped in the matrix that they secrete

Question 9

osteoblasts function activity and location?

Answer 9

function = Bone forming cells and Secretes organic components such as collogen
activity = Bone formation during growth, repair and remodelling
location = bone surface

Question 10

osteocytes function, activity and location?

Answer 10

function = Mature cells from osteoblasts
Maintain bone tissue
Regulate mineral homeostasis
activity = Form a communication network through canaliculi, allowing nutrient exchange and waste products
location = lacunae

Question 11

osteoclasts function, activity and location?

Answer 11

function = Large cells responsible for bone resorption, break down and removes old or damaged tissue
activity = Release enzymes and acids, which facilitates the remodelling
location = site of bone resorption, often the bone surface

Question 12

what is an axial skeleton?

Answer 12

Provides support and protection for vital organs including the brain, spinal cord, heart and Lungs.

Question 13

what is an appendicular skeleton?

Answer 13

Facilitates movement and interaction with the external environment, integral to walking, running and using our hands

Question 14

what type of bones are there?

Answer 14

Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones
Sesamoid bones
Sutural bones

Question 15

long bone?

Answer 15

explanation = Long and slender, the femur is a long bone and the largest and heaviest bone in the body
example = humerus

Question 16

flat bone?

Answer 16

explanation = Thin, parallel surfaces, provide protection and due to surface areas serve as good attachment sites
example = scapula

Question 17

sesamoid bone?

Answer 17

explanation = Usually small, round and flat. Sesamoid bones are within this, but not everyone has them
example = patella

Question 18

irregular bone?

Answer 18

explanation = Complex shape with several characteristics, can have flat, round, short, notched or rigid surfaces
example = Vertebrae

Question 19

short bone?

Answer 19

explanation = Usually small in appearance and for that reason are usually rigid and difficult to damage
example = carpal bones

Question 20

sutural bone?

Answer 20

explanation = Exclusive to the skull and are small and flat with a unique shape and mimic the shape of a jigsaw puzzle
example = regions of the skull

Question 21

bone metabolism?

Answer 21

osteoblasts and osteoclasts play a pivotal role in bone remodelling

Question 22

bone density?

Answer 22

• Reduced bone density is commonly associated with conditions such as osteopenia and osteoporosis.
• Bones with low bone density are weakened and more susceptible to fractures and injury.
• Individuals with low bone density has several key metabolic changes compared to healthy bone

Question 23

altered hormone regulation?

Answer 23

Hormonal levels of estrogen and testosterone reducing can accelerate bone loss