Bone Pathologies

Question 1

Paget’s Disease

Answer 1

Chronic systemic disease of bone
Characterized by thickening and hypertrophy of long bones and deformity of flat bones.

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts on overdrive. Excess breakdown and disorganized remodelling. Bones big but weak

Insidious
Common after age 55

Primarily affects axial skeleton

Can create musculoskeletal and neurologic problems.

Question 2

Osteomalacia

Answer 2

In kids: rickets

Calcium salts fail to be deposited properly in newly formed osteoid.

Causes: severe Vitamin D deficiency; chronic renal insufficiency; malabsorption syndrome; hyperthyroidism (Increases osteoclast activity; takes Ca out of bone)

Question 3

Osteoporosis

Answer 3

Normal bone, but not enough of it

Progressive and systemic metabolic disease of decreasing bone mass/density

New bone formation by osteoblasts outpaced by resorption by osteoclasts

Most commonly affects hip, wrist and spine
(Fronts of vertebrae break –> wedging –>forward posture w/hump)

Question 4

Osteopenia

Answer 4

Osteoporosis lite

Question 5

Dowager’s Hump

Answer 5

Excessive thoracic curve due to vertebral fracture

Question 6

Scurvy

Answer 6

Failure of osteoblast formation of bone matrix, caused by vitamin C deficiency (defect in collagen synthesis)

Question 7

Osteoblastic lesion

Answer 7

lesion of too much bone

Question 8

Osteolytic lesion

Answer 8

bone destruction

Question 9

Mass Effect

Answer 9

A growth that presses on something, and causes an effect

Question 10

Osteoid Osteoma

Answer 10

Benign bone tumour
Vascular osteoblastic lesion often found in cortex of long bones near end of the diaphysis
Way too much osteoid being produced.

Question 11

Osteoblastoma

Answer 11

Benign bone tumour.
Similar to osteoid osteoma but larger and more expansive
Spine, sacrum, flat bones.

Question 12

(Osteocartilaginous) Exostosis

Answer 12

Benign bone tumour.
Connective tissue tumour with proliferation of bone tissue
Bony mass with or without pain

Can be subungal, buccal, multiple, compact, diaphyseal aclasis

Question 13

Osteosarcoma

Answer 13

“osteogenic sarcoma”

Most common primary malignant tumour
Extremely malignant and osteolytic

Most often in young males (10-25)

Question 14

Sarcoma

Answer 14

malignant tumour of mesenchymal origin (muscle, bone, fat, cartilage)

Question 15

Carcinoma

Answer 15

malignant tumour of nonmesenchemal (i.e. epidermal) tissue

Question 16

Chondrosarcoma

Answer 16

Malignant tumour composed of neoplastic cartilage cells

Most common in males 35-60
Diaphysis or metaphysis of pelvis, ribs, vertebrae and long bones

Question 17

Ewing’s Sarcoma

Answer 17

Malignant tumour composed of undifferentiated bone marrow cells

Males 10-20

Diaphysis of long bones

Question 18

Osteomyelitis

Answer 18

Inflammation of bone caused by infectious microorganism

Most common: staphylococcus aureus