Bone Markings Flashcards
Frontal bone
Frontal sinus
Supraorbital foramen
Glabella
.
Parietal bone
Sagittal suture
Coronal suture
.
Occipital bone
Lambdoidal suture
Foramen magnum
Hypoglossal canal
Occipital condyles
External occipital protuberance
Superior nuchal line
Inferior nuchal line
.
Temporal bone
Squamosal suture
Zygomatic process
External acoustic meatus
Mandibular fossa
Articular tubercle
Mastoid process
Styloid process
Stylomastoid foramen
Petrous ridge
Carotid canal
Jugular foramen
Internal acoustic meatus
.
Sphenoid bone
Sella turcica (hypophyseal fossa)
Greater wing
Lesser wing
Sphenoid sinus
Superior orbital fissure
Optic canal
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Medial pterygoid plate
Lateral pterygoid plate
.
Ethmoid bone
Crista galli
Cribriform plate
Olfactory foramina
Perpendicular plate
Ethmoid sinus (air cells)
Superior nasal conchae
Middle nasal conchae
.
Maxillary bones
Maxillary sinus
Palatine process
Alveolar process
Infraorbital foramen
.
Palatine bone
Horizontal plate
Zygomatic bone
Zygomatic arch
Temporal process
Lacrimal bone
Lacrimal fossa
Nasolacrimal canal
Nasal bone
Vomer bone
Mandible
Body
Ramus
Mandibular angle
Mandibular condyle
Condylar process
Coronoid process
Mandibular notch
Alveolar process
Mental foramen
Mental protuberance
Mandibular foramen
Mylohyoid line
Lingula
Mandibular symphysis
.
Hyoid
Vertebrae-general
Body
Spinous process
Vertebral foramen
Vertebral arch
Pedicle
Lamina
Transverse process
Intervertebral foramen
.
Cervical vertebrae (#?)
Transverse foramen
Bifid process
Atlas (#?)
Axis (#?)
Dens (odontoid process; #?)
Vertebra prominens (#)
C1-C7
Atlas C1
Axis C2
Dens C2
Vertebra prominens C7
Intervertebral disc 2 parts
Anulus fibrosus
Nucleus pulposus
Thoracic vertebrae (#?)
superior and inferior demifacets
costal facets on transverse process
T1-T12
Lumbar vertebrae (#?)
L1-L5
Sacrum (# fused)
Median sacral crest
transverse ridges
Sacral hiatus
Sacral foramen
Sacral canal
Sacral promonitory
Auricular surface
5 fused
Coccyx (# fused)
3-5 fused
Costal ribs (#?)
Head
Neck
Tubercle
Shaft (body)
Angle
Intercostal space
.
Sternum
Manubrium
suprasternal (jugular) notch
clavicular notch
sternal angle
Body
Xiphoid process
.
True ribs
Other name and #’s
Vertebrosternal 1-7
False ribs
Other name and #s
Vertebrochondral 8-12
Floating ribs
Other name and #s
Vertebral 11&12
Clavicle
Sternal end
Acromial end
.
Scapula
Spine
Lateral (axillary) border
Medial (vertebral) border
Superior border
Superior, inferior, lateral angle
Acromion process
Coracoid process
Glenoid cavity
Supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa
Subscapular fossa
Suprascapular notch
.
Humerus
Head
Anatomical neck
Surgical neck
Greater tubercle
Lesser tubercle
Intertubercular (bicipital) groove (sulcus)
Deltoid tuberosity
Radial groove
Capitulum
Trochlea
Medial epicondyles
Lateral epicondyles
Lateral supracondylar ridge
Radial fossa
Coronoid fossa
Olecranon fossa
.
Radius
head
Radial tuberosity
interosseous border
Styloid process
Ulnar notch
.
Ulna
Trochlear notch (semilunar)
Radial notch
ulnar tuberosity
Olecranon process
Coronoid process
interosseous border
Styloid process
head
.
Carpals
Distal row and proximal row
Distal: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
Proximal: trapezium,trapezoid, capitate, hamate
Metacarpals (#)
mobility
1-5
1 thumb separated - thumb mobility
2-3 immobile
4-5 limited mobility allows firm grip
Phalanges #
Proximal medial and distal for each except pollex only proximal and distal
14 each hand
upper limb fractures
Colles fracture - distal radius dinner fork at wrist
humerus - surgical neck fracture - axillary nerve
midshaft - radial nerve
medial epicondyle - ulna nerve
Coxal 3 parts
Acetabulum
Obturator foramen
Ischiopubic ramus
Pelvic brim (inlet)
Pelvic outlet
Greater (false) pelvis
Lesser (true) pelvis
subpubic angle female/male
Ilium, ischium, pubis
female >80 male <70
Ilium
Iliac crest
Iliac fossa
Sacroiliac joint
Greater sciatic notch
Anterior superior iliac spine
Anterior inferior iliac spine
Posterior superior iliac spine
Posterior inferior iliac spine
Arcuate line
.
Ischium
Ischial tuberosity
Ischial spine
Lesser sciatic notch
Ischial ramus
.
Pubis
Pubic symphysis
Body
pubic tubercle
pectineal line
pubic arch
Superior pubic ramus
Inferior pubic ramus
.
Femur
Head
Fovea capitis
Neck
Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter
Gluteal tuberosity
Linea aspera
Lateral condyle
Medial condyle
Lateral epicondyle
Medial epicondyle
Intercondylar fossa
Paterllar surface
.
Patella
.
Tibia
Medial condyles
Lateral condyles
Intercondylar eminence
Tibial tuberosity
Anterior border
interosseous border
soleal line
Medial malleolus
fibular notch
.
Fibula
Head
interosseous border
Lateral malleolus
.
Tarsals (7)
Talus
Calcaneus (sustentaculum tali)
Navicular
Cuboidal
Lateral cuneiform
Intermediate cuneiform
Medial cuneiform
Metatarsals 1-5
.
Foot phalanges 14
.
Number of bones
Total
Axial
Skull (cranial + facial)
additional bones in head
vertebral
thoracic cage
Upper Limb (pectoral girdle + upper)
Lower limb (pelvic girdle + lower)
Total = 206
Axial 80
Skull 22 (8 cranial + 14 facial) + sutural
Additional 7 (hyoid + 6 ossicles)
Vertebral 26 (vertebral 24 [7+12+5]+ sacrum coccyx 2)
Thoracic cage 25 (24 ribs +sternum)
22+7+26+25 = 80
Upper Limb (girdle 4 + 60 [3+8+5+14]x2)
Lower Limb (girdle 2 + 60 [4+7+5+14]x2)
64+62 = 126
