Bone Histology Flashcards
What does the skeletal system consists of?
• bones and joints
What are joints?
• connection point between two bones
What does the skeleton store?
• calcium
What is the formation of new blood cells called?
•hematopoiesis
Where does hematopoiesis occur?
• bone marrow cavities
What is a bone composed of?
- Osseous tissue
- Connective tissue
- cartilage
- blood vessels
- nerves
How many bones in the human body?
- 206
* considered organs
How are bones classified!
• by shape
What are the 6 different bone shapes?
- Sutura bones
- Flat bones
- Long bones
- Short bones
- Sesamoid bones
- Irregular bones
What are sutura bones?
- Small, flat
- Found w/in the skull suture
- Wormian bones
What are flat bones?
- thin like plate
- protect underlying structures
- large surface area for tendon/ligament attachment
- cranial bones
- sternum
- ribs
- scapula
How are long bones?
- longer than wife
* most common
How are short bones?
- similar in length and width
- cubed shaped
- carpals, tarsals
How are sesamoid bones?
- small, flat
- develop inside tendons
- patella
How are irregular bones?
- complex shapes
- notches and processes
- vertebrae, coxal bone
What is related to the function of the bones?
• surface features
What indicated the presence of smooth bone?
- part of a joint
* soft so bones can move against each other
What indicates the princess of rough trochanter and tuberosities?
• site where tendons and ligaments are anchored
What are the different types of features pt1.
- Canal
- Fissure
- Foramen
- Process
- Sinus
What are the different types of features pt2.
- Head
- Trochanter
- Neck
- Line
- Epicondyle
- Condyle
What are the different types of features pt3.
- Groove or sulcus
- Tubercle
- Tuberosity
What are the different types of features pt4.
- Crest
- Fossa
- Spine
- Ramus
- Facet
What is a canal?
- Round hole
* deeper than a foramen
What is a foramen?
- small round hole
* usually for blood vessels or never passage
What is a fissure?
• narrow gar
What is a sinus?
- open chamber w/in a bone
* air filled
What is a process?
• general term for projection
What is the head of a. Bone?
- large, smooth
- rounded process
- serve for articulation
What is the neck of a bone?
• narrow connection between head and rest of bone
What is a trochanter?
• large, rough process
What is the line of a bone?
• very narrow ridge
What is the epicondyle?
• raised area of bone
What is a condyle?
- smooth, rounded process
* for articulation in bone
What is the groove or sulcus?
•narrow depression
What is the tubercle?
• small rounded process
What is the tuberosity?
• small rough process
What is the facet?
- small, almost flat surface
* for articulation in a joint
What is the crest of a bone?
• prominent narrow ridge
What is a fossa?
• shallow depression on surface bone
What is the spine of a bone?
• narrow and pointed process
What is the ramus?
- flat bridge of bone
* makes angle to the rest of structure
What are the parts of a long bone?
- Proximal epiphysis
- Diaphysis
- Distal epiphysis
What is proximal epiphysis?
- upper end of long bone
- composed primarily of spongy bone
- with thin covering of compact bone
What composes the proximal epiphysis?
- Articular cartilage
- Epiphysial line
- Spongy bone
How is the articular cartilage?
- hyaline cartilage
* covers portion of each epiphysis involved in a Joint
What is the epiphysial line?
- narrow zone between each epiphysis and diaphysis
- in growing children is composed of cartilage
- site for lengthening bone
- also called epiphysial plate
- in adults is ossified
What is spongy bone?
- site of hematopoiesis
* house red bone marrow
What is the diaphysis?
- tube shape
- shaft of long bone
- hollow cavity in center
- composed of compact and spongy bone
What composes the diaphysis?
- Medullary cavity
- Endosteum
- Compact bone
- Yellow bone marrow
- Periosteum
What is the medullary cavity?
- chamber w/in diaphysis
- lined with spongy bone
- contains bone marrow
What is the endosteum?
- connective tissue membrane
* lines medullary cavity
What is the yellow bone marrow?
- found in medullary cavity
* yellow because of fat cells
What is the periosteum?
- thin connective tissue covering surface of long bone
* anchored to surface bone
What is the compact bone?
- matrix organized into osteons
- resistant to stress
- found in walls of dyaphisis
What are the 7 parts of compact bone?
- Circumferential lamellae
- Interstitial lamellae
- Periosteum
- Central canal
- Perforating canal
- Spongy bone
- Osteon
What is the circumferential lamellae?
• layers of matrix found around outer surface of bone
What is interstitial lamellae?
• layers of matrix filling spaces between osteons
What is the central canal?
- osteonic or harversian canal
- extends through center or osteon
- houses artery, vein and nerve
What is the perforating canal?
- Volkmann’s canal
- connects central canals of adjacent osteons
- houses artery, veins and nerves
What is the osteon?
- Harversian system
- cylinder shape unit
- gives compact bone its unique appearance
- consists of rings of lamellae
- organized around a central canal
What are the parts of an osteon?
- Canaliculis
- Artery
- Vein
- Nerve
- Central canal
- Lamella
What is the lamella?
- layers of matrix in compact bone
* lacunae and osteocytes found between adjacent of lamellae
What is the canaliculi?
- network of tony canals
- connect lacunae to each other
- allows nutrient to reach osteocytes
What is an osteocytes?
- mature bone cell
- does not produce new matrix
- removes/ rebuilds old matrix
What is a lacuna?
- open space between lamellae
* each houses one osteocyte
What is spongy bone? pt2.
• cancellous bone
What composes spongy bone?
- Lamellae
- Osteocytes
- Lacuna
- Canaliculi
- Trabeculae
What is the trabeculae?
- matrix arrangement in spongy bone
- Lattice like network
- osteocytes scattered
- forms open spaces that houses red bone marrow
