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Axial Skeleton > Bone Histology > Flashcards

Bone Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What does the skeletal system consists of?

A

• bones and joints

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2
Q

What are joints?

A

• connection point between two bones

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3
Q

What does the skeleton store?

A

• calcium

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4
Q

What is the formation of new blood cells called?

A

•hematopoiesis

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5
Q

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

A

• bone marrow cavities

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6
Q

What is a bone composed of?

A
  • Osseous tissue
  • Connective tissue
  • cartilage
  • blood vessels
  • nerves
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7
Q

How many bones in the human body?

A
  • 206

* considered organs

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8
Q

How are bones classified!

A

• by shape

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9
Q

What are the 6 different bone shapes?

A
  1. Sutura bones
  2. Flat bones
  3. Long bones
  4. Short bones
  5. Sesamoid bones
  6. Irregular bones
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10
Q

What are sutura bones?

A
  • Small, flat
  • Found w/in the skull suture
  • Wormian bones
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11
Q

What are flat bones?

A
  • thin like plate
  • protect underlying structures
  • large surface area for tendon/ligament attachment
  • cranial bones
  • sternum
  • ribs
  • scapula
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12
Q

How are long bones?

A
  • longer than wife

* most common

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13
Q

How are short bones?

A
  • similar in length and width
  • cubed shaped
  • carpals, tarsals
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14
Q

How are sesamoid bones?

A
  • small, flat
  • develop inside tendons
  • patella
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15
Q

How are irregular bones?

A
  • complex shapes
  • notches and processes
  • vertebrae, coxal bone
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16
Q

What is related to the function of the bones?

A

• surface features

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17
Q

What indicated the presence of smooth bone?

A
  • part of a joint

* soft so bones can move against each other

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18
Q

What indicates the princess of rough trochanter and tuberosities?

A

• site where tendons and ligaments are anchored

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19
Q

What are the different types of features pt1.

A
  1. Canal
  2. Fissure
  3. Foramen
  4. Process
  5. Sinus
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20
Q

What are the different types of features pt2.

A
  1. Head
  2. Trochanter
  3. Neck
  4. Line
  5. Epicondyle
  6. Condyle
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21
Q

What are the different types of features pt3.

A
  1. Groove or sulcus
  2. Tubercle
  3. Tuberosity
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22
Q

What are the different types of features pt4.

A
  1. Crest
  2. Fossa
  3. Spine
  4. Ramus
  5. Facet
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23
Q

What is a canal?

A
  • Round hole

* deeper than a foramen

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24
Q

What is a foramen?

A
  • small round hole

* usually for blood vessels or never passage

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25
Q

What is a fissure?

A

• narrow gar

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26
Q

What is a sinus?

A
  • open chamber w/in a bone

* air filled

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27
Q

What is a process?

A

• general term for projection

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28
Q

What is the head of a. Bone?

A
  • large, smooth
  • rounded process
  • serve for articulation
29
Q

What is the neck of a bone?

A

• narrow connection between head and rest of bone

30
Q

What is a trochanter?

A

• large, rough process

31
Q

What is the line of a bone?

A

• very narrow ridge

32
Q

What is the epicondyle?

A

• raised area of bone

33
Q

What is a condyle?

A
  • smooth, rounded process

* for articulation in bone

34
Q

What is the groove or sulcus?

A

•narrow depression

35
Q

What is the tubercle?

A

• small rounded process

36
Q

What is the tuberosity?

A

• small rough process

37
Q

What is the facet?

A
  • small, almost flat surface

* for articulation in a joint

38
Q

What is the crest of a bone?

A

• prominent narrow ridge

39
Q

What is a fossa?

A

• shallow depression on surface bone

40
Q

What is the spine of a bone?

A

• narrow and pointed process

41
Q

What is the ramus?

A
  • flat bridge of bone

* makes angle to the rest of structure

42
Q

What are the parts of a long bone?

A
  1. Proximal epiphysis
  2. Diaphysis
  3. Distal epiphysis
43
Q

What is proximal epiphysis?

A
  • upper end of long bone
  • composed primarily of spongy bone
  • with thin covering of compact bone
44
Q

What composes the proximal epiphysis?

A
  1. Articular cartilage
  2. Epiphysial line
  3. Spongy bone
45
Q

How is the articular cartilage?

A
  • hyaline cartilage

* covers portion of each epiphysis involved in a Joint

46
Q

What is the epiphysial line?

A
  • narrow zone between each epiphysis and diaphysis
  • in growing children is composed of cartilage
  • site for lengthening bone
  • also called epiphysial plate
  • in adults is ossified
47
Q

What is spongy bone?

A
  • site of hematopoiesis

* house red bone marrow

48
Q

What is the diaphysis?

A
  • tube shape
  • shaft of long bone
  • hollow cavity in center
  • composed of compact and spongy bone
49
Q

What composes the diaphysis?

A
  1. Medullary cavity
  2. Endosteum
  3. Compact bone
  4. Yellow bone marrow
  5. Periosteum
50
Q

What is the medullary cavity?

A
  • chamber w/in diaphysis
  • lined with spongy bone
  • contains bone marrow
51
Q

What is the endosteum?

A
  • connective tissue membrane

* lines medullary cavity

52
Q

What is the yellow bone marrow?

A
  • found in medullary cavity

* yellow because of fat cells

53
Q

What is the periosteum?

A
  • thin connective tissue covering surface of long bone

* anchored to surface bone

54
Q

What is the compact bone?

A
  • matrix organized into osteons
  • resistant to stress
  • found in walls of dyaphisis
55
Q

What are the 7 parts of compact bone?

A
  1. Circumferential lamellae
  2. Interstitial lamellae
  3. Periosteum
  4. Central canal
  5. Perforating canal
  6. Spongy bone
  7. Osteon
56
Q

What is the circumferential lamellae?

A

• layers of matrix found around outer surface of bone

57
Q

What is interstitial lamellae?

A

• layers of matrix filling spaces between osteons

58
Q

What is the central canal?

A
  • osteonic or harversian canal
  • extends through center or osteon
  • houses artery, vein and nerve
59
Q

What is the perforating canal?

A
  • Volkmann’s canal
  • connects central canals of adjacent osteons
  • houses artery, veins and nerves
60
Q

What is the osteon?

A
  • Harversian system
  • cylinder shape unit
  • gives compact bone its unique appearance
  • consists of rings of lamellae
  • organized around a central canal
61
Q

What are the parts of an osteon?

A
  1. Canaliculis
  2. Artery
  3. Vein
  4. Nerve
  5. Central canal
  6. Lamella
62
Q

What is the lamella?

A
  • layers of matrix in compact bone

* lacunae and osteocytes found between adjacent of lamellae

63
Q

What is the canaliculi?

A
  • network of tony canals
  • connect lacunae to each other
  • allows nutrient to reach osteocytes
64
Q

What is an osteocytes?

A
  • mature bone cell
  • does not produce new matrix
  • removes/ rebuilds old matrix
65
Q

What is a lacuna?

A
  • open space between lamellae

* each houses one osteocyte

66
Q

What is spongy bone? pt2.

A

• cancellous bone

67
Q

What composes spongy bone?

A
  1. Lamellae
  2. Osteocytes
  3. Lacuna
  4. Canaliculi
  5. Trabeculae
68
Q

What is the trabeculae?

A
  • matrix arrangement in spongy bone
  • Lattice like network
  • osteocytes scattered
  • forms open spaces that houses red bone marrow

Axial Skeleton (6 decks)

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