Bone Health

Question 1

4 nutritional influences

Answer 1

Calcium and Vit D synergy

Protein and bone matrix formation

Vit K and bone mineralisation

Phosphorus

Question 2

calcium and vit D synergy

Answer 2

The synergistic relationship between calcium and vit D is needed for bone mineralisation.

Maintenance of adequate levels is important to prevent compromise in skeletal density.

Question 3

Protein and bone matrix formation

Answer 3

proteins, particularly collagens, form the structural scaffold of bones.

Inadequate protein intake disrupts the precision of bone matrix formation, potentially compromising skeletal resilience.

Question 4

Vit K and bone mineralisation

Answer 4

Operating as a cofactor in the carboxylation of bone proteins, vitamin K is critical for bone mineralisation.

Its absence elevates fracture susceptibility, underscoring its relevance.

Question 5

Phosphorus

Answer 5

is an important component of bone minerals; phosphorus works with calcium to maintain skeletal structural integrity.

Question 6

6 Non-nutritional Determinants

Answer 6

Physical activity and bone remodelling

Hormonal equilibrium

Genetic predispositions

Age-related dynamics

Medical and Pharmacologic influences

Question 7

Physical activity

Answer 7

Weight-bearing exercises stimulate osteoblastic activity, fortifying bone density.

Sedentary lifestyles pose a risk to skeletal strength, emphasising the importance of regular physical exercise

Question 8

Hormonal equilibrium

Answer 8

Hormones, particularly oestrogen, play a pivotal role in bone homeostasis.

Disruptions such as those during menopause or hypogonadism, can cause adverse effects on bone metabolism.

Question 9

Age- related dynamics

Answer 9

Ageing induces alterations in bone turnover dynamics, predisposing individuals to diminished bone density and elevated fracture risk.

Question 10

Medical and pharmacological influences:

Answer 10

Chronic diseases, especially those impacting inflammatory pathways (eg, rheumatoid arthritis), and pharmacological interventions, particularly glucocorticoids, can adversely affect bone metabolism.