Bone grafts Flashcards
What causea are there of bone loss
Congenital
Traumatic e.g. trauma
Pathology e.g. cancer,cysts
Natural e.g. osteoporosis
What types of bone grafts are there
Autogenous
Xenograft
Allograft
Alloplastic
Bone bio-engineering
What is a autogenous graft
Considered best type
Utilises bone obtained from same individual receiving the graft
Can be harvested from non-essential areas:
-Intra oral= chin,ramus,tuberosity
-Extra oral=Hip and calvarium
What an advantage of autogenous bone graft
It would be osteoinductive and osteogenic, as well as osteoconductive
What is a Xenograft
Bone grafts from a species other than human, such as bovine and are used as a calcified matrix
becomes a deprotenized bone matrix, BioOss
What is allograft
Derived from humans with the bone sterilized and protein content removed and given in powder
What is a Alloplastic
From natural sources and synthetic materials
Such as:
-hydroxyapatite
-bioactive glass
-Proplast
-Hydrogel hydroxyapatite
What is bone bioengineering
Utilises growth factors and are produced using recombinant DNA technology
Bone morphogenic proteins
What does osteoconduction, oesteoinduction and osteogenesis mean
OC- Bone graft material serves as a scaffold for new bone growth, which is perpetuated by the native bone. Osteoblasts from the margin of defect that is being grafted, utilize the bone graft material as a framework upon which to spread and generate new bone
OI- The process by which exogenous growth factors promote stimulation of osteoprogenitor cells to differentiate into osteoblasts and then begins formation of new bone
OG- The synthesis of new bone by donor cells derived from either the host or graft donor
What material is osteoconductive and osteoinductive
bone morphogenic protein
What is the best type of graft
A autogenous bone graft combined with BioOss(Xenograft) to prevent resorption and then a guided tissue regen. membrane to prevent fibrous adhesion and to stabilise the graft
What is a guided tissue regen membrane
A resorbable or nonresorbable artificial membrane that keep soft tissue from growing into the gaps
The membrane blocks the fast-growing soft tissue cells from growing into the site letting the slower growing bone making cells to grow
what is ridge augmentation and how can it be achieved
performed to recreate adequate bone dimensions prior to dental implant therapy
Can be achieved by:
-Bone grafts; onlay, interposotional, sinus lift
-Inferior dental nerve retraction
-Distraction Osteogenesis
-Zygomatic implants
-Growth factors -Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP)
What is a onlay bone graft
A widely used type of graft that involves laying the donor bone directly on top of the recipient bone’s surface
What is a interpositional bone graft
Vertical bone augmentation that has the aim of enabling implant placement in severely atrophic edentulous alveolar ridges
What is a sinus lift
Creates space in floor of maxillary sinus for implant
What is alveolar disraction osteogenisis
Used in the treatment of alveolar defects in which the alveolar processes are atrophic and deficient
It is a biological process that includes
gradual traction between vascularized bone segments in order to generate new bone
Osteotomy is carried and 2 segments of bone are obtained and then are seperated 1mm at a day by the process of distraction and this creates space
wha are the principles of DO
osteotomy
latency
Disraction (Vector, rate & rhythm) the gradual and controlled displacement of the segments allowing new bone to form in gap
Consolidation, l eave the device in to maintain it
Remodelling
What is inferior dental nerve lateralization
surgical procedure whereby the course of the inferior alveolar nerve is redirected to allow the placement of longer implants in a mandible with extensive resorption of the posterior ridge
collagen placed in after with implant
What are indications of zygomatic implants
Sever maxillary atrophy
Sinus pnumotization
Avoid harvesting of bone graft
Hemimaxillectomy
What do BMP’s have the ability to do
Form bone
How do BMP’s work
Active osteoinductive factors, extra
cellular protein and stored in bone
matrix
15 BMPs, BMP2, BMP4, BMP7 induce
bone formation
Convert UMCs into osteoblasts,
stimulate angiogenesis
