Bone grafts Flashcards

1
Q

What causea are there of bone loss

A

Congenital

Traumatic e.g. trauma

Pathology e.g. cancer,cysts

Natural e.g. osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What types of bone grafts are there

A

Autogenous

Xenograft

Allograft

Alloplastic

Bone bio-engineering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a autogenous graft

A

Considered best type

Utilises bone obtained from same individual receiving the graft

Can be harvested from non-essential areas:
-Intra oral= chin,ramus,tuberosity
-Extra oral=Hip and calvarium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What an advantage of autogenous bone graft

A

It would be osteoinductive and osteogenic, as well as osteoconductive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a Xenograft

A

Bone grafts from a species other than human, such as bovine and are used as a calcified matrix

becomes a deprotenized bone matrix, BioOss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is allograft

A

Derived from humans with the bone sterilized and protein content removed and given in powder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a Alloplastic

A

From natural sources and synthetic materials

Such as:
-hydroxyapatite
-bioactive glass
-Proplast
-Hydrogel hydroxyapatite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is bone bioengineering

A

Utilises growth factors and are produced using recombinant DNA technology

Bone morphogenic proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does osteoconduction, oesteoinduction and osteogenesis mean

A

OC- Bone graft material serves as a scaffold for new bone growth, which is perpetuated by the native bone. Osteoblasts from the margin of defect that is being grafted, utilize the bone graft material as a framework upon which to spread and generate new bone

OI- The process by which exogenous growth factors promote stimulation of osteoprogenitor cells to differentiate into osteoblasts and then begins formation of new bone

OG- The synthesis of new bone by donor cells derived from either the host or graft donor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What material is osteoconductive and osteoinductive

A

bone morphogenic protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the best type of graft

A

A autogenous bone graft combined with BioOss(Xenograft) to prevent resorption and then a guided tissue regen. membrane to prevent fibrous adhesion and to stabilise the graft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a guided tissue regen membrane

A

A resorbable or nonresorbable artificial membrane that keep soft tissue from growing into the gaps

The membrane blocks the fast-growing soft tissue cells from growing into the site letting the slower growing bone making cells to grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is ridge augmentation and how can it be achieved

A

performed to recreate adequate bone dimensions prior to dental implant therapy

Can be achieved by:

-Bone grafts; onlay, interposotional, sinus lift

-Inferior dental nerve retraction

-Distraction Osteogenesis

-Zygomatic implants

-Growth factors -Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a onlay bone graft

A

A widely used type of graft that involves laying the donor bone directly on top of the recipient bone’s surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a interpositional bone graft

A

Vertical bone augmentation that has the aim of enabling implant placement in severely atrophic edentulous alveolar ridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a sinus lift

A

Creates space in floor of maxillary sinus for implant

17
Q

What is alveolar disraction osteogenisis

A

Used in the treatment of alveolar defects in which the alveolar processes are atrophic and deficient

It is a biological process that includes
gradual traction between vascularized bone segments in order to generate new bone

Osteotomy is carried and 2 segments of bone are obtained and then are seperated 1mm at a day by the process of distraction and this creates space

18
Q

wha are the principles of DO

A

osteotomy

latency

Disraction (Vector, rate & rhythm) the gradual and controlled displacement of the segments allowing new bone to form in gap

Consolidation, l eave the device in to maintain it

Remodelling

19
Q

What is inferior dental nerve lateralization

A

surgical procedure whereby the course of the inferior alveolar nerve is redirected to allow the placement of longer implants in a mandible with extensive resorption of the posterior ridge

collagen placed in after with implant

20
Q

What are indications of zygomatic implants

A

Sever maxillary atrophy

Sinus pnumotization

Avoid harvesting of bone graft

Hemimaxillectomy

21
Q

What do BMP’s have the ability to do

A

Form bone

22
Q

How do BMP’s work

A

Active osteoinductive factors, extra
cellular protein and stored in bone
matrix

15 BMPs, BMP2, BMP4, BMP7 induce
bone formation

Convert UMCs into osteoblasts,
stimulate angiogenesis