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ANATOMY > Bone formation and the Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Bone formation and the Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

intermediate mesoderm

A

UG development

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2
Q

lateral plate mesoderm

A

lining body wall and body cavities such as peritoneal and pleural (limb skeleton)

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3
Q

paraxial mesoderm

A

segmented into somites sclerotome: occipital bone, vertebral column, ribs myotome: muscles (axial skeleton)

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4
Q

Notochord–>

A

Nucleus pulposus

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5
Q

limbs extend from

A

apical ectodermal ridge

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6
Q

epiphysis

A

end of long bone

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7
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft

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8
Q

compact bone

A

osteons

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9
Q

spongy bone

A

trabeculae

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10
Q

communicatios btwn one osteon and another

A

Volkmann’s Canal

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11
Q

intramembranous ossification

A

flat bones–clavicle, mandible, skull, face mesenchymal–>osteoblast–>osteocyte–>spongy bone–>compact bone

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12
Q

endochondral ossification

A

long–limbs, vertebrae, and hips mesenchymal–>cartilage–>osteocyte–>bone need epiphyseal plate

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13
Q
A

incisive fossa

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14
Q

SCALP

A

S= skin with hair (at least in most people!)

C= connective tissue

A= aponeurosis- this is a tough dense connective tissue

L= loose connective tissue

P= pereostium: bone

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15
Q

Bones of the neurocranium

A
  1. 1 ethmoid bone
  2. 1 frontal bone
  3. 1 occipital bone
  4. 2 parietal
  5. 1 sphenoid
  6. 2 temporal
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16
Q

Bones of the viscerocranium

A
  1. Inferior nasal concha (2)
  2. Lacrimal bones (2)
  3. Mandible
  4. Maxilla (2)
  5. Nasal bones (2)
  6. Palatine bones (2)
  7. Vomer
  8. Zygomatic bones (2)
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17
Q
A

vomer

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18
Q
A

mandibular foramen

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19
Q
A

horizonatal plate of palatine

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20
Q
A

pterion: weakest part of skull

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21
Q

sutral/intra-sutral bone

A

Wormian bone

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22
Q
A

Ethmoid

  1. crista galli
  2. Cribriform plate
  3. Perpendicular plate
23
Q

1

A
  1. optic canal
24
Q

4

A

lesser wing

25
Q

5

A

greater wing

26
Q

9

A

foramen spinosum

27
Q

10

A

forman ovale

28
Q

11

A

foramen rotundum

29
Q

12

A

superior orbital fissure

30
Q

processes of the maxiallary bone

A
  1. Alveolar
  2. Frontal
  3. Palatine
  4. Zygomatic
31
Q
32
Q

A

A

spinous process

33
Q

C

34
Q

D

35
Q

E

36
Q

F

A

Superior articular facet

37
Q

G

A

transverse process

38
Q

H

A

Vertebral foramen

39
Q
A

lateral mass of atlas

recieve the condyles of the occipital bone fo the skull

40
Q
  • Spinous processes are long and point inferiorly
  • Vertebral foramen are circular
  • Articulate with tubercles of ribs
  • Superior articular facets point posteriorly
  • Inferior articular processes point anteriorly
A

Thoracic vertebrae

41
Q
A

zygapophyseal joints

synovial plane joints

42
Q
A

nucleus pulposus

43
Q
A

Anulus Fibrosus

44
Q
A

interspinous ligaments

45
Q
A

supraspinous ligament

46
Q
A

anterior longitudnal ligament

47
Q
A

posterior longitudbal ligament

inside vertebral canal

highest part is tectoral membrane

48
Q
A

ligamentum flavum

connects one lamina to the next

49
Q

connects first throacic vertebra to the external occipiutal protuberabce

A

nuchal ligament (ligamentum nuchae)

50
Q
A

transverse ligament (cruciform ligament)

51
Q
A

alar ligaments

attached from the odontoid to the occipital condyles

deep to the cruciform

‘check ligaments’

52
Q

The laminae of either L5 or S2 fail to develop normally and fuse

decreased by folic acid

A

spina bifida

53
Q

spina bifida occulta

A

mildest form

54
Q

spina bifida cystica

A

one of more vertenral arches completely fail to develop and meninges be herniated

ANATOMY (8 decks)

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