Bone and Soft Tissue Tumours Flashcards
what investigations would you carry out in a suspected bone tumour?
> *MRI* > isotope bone scan > Xray > biopsy > angiography > PET scan
what would an inactive bone tumour look like on an xray?
> clear margin
cortical-expansion
surrounding rim reactive bone
what would and aggressive bone tumour look like on a xray?
> less defined transition zone
cortical destruction
codmans triangle (onion skinning)
what does a CT assess?
> integrity of the cortex > stage > ossification > calcification > oedema
what does an isotope bone scan assess?
staging for skeletal metastasis
benign also demonstrated increased uptake
what is an MRI specific for?
> haematoma
haemangioma
lipoma
what does an MRI assess?
> size
extent
anatomical relationships
what is needed in the work up for a biopsy?
> MRI > bloods > xray > bone scan > CT
what are the clinical features of malignant bone tumours?
> deep swelling > pain - at night - increasing - unexplained > difficulty weight bearing > deformity > joint effusion > neurovascular effects
if a deep swelling was warm and had venous congestion what would that suggest?
it is active
what features of a soft tissue tumour carry a high level of suspicion?
> craggy surface > fixed > hard > rapidly growing > non-tender to palpation > associated with a deep ache > recurrent after excision
a smaller soft tissue tumour is more likely to be a what?
lipoma
what investigation is used for soft tissue tumours?
MRI
where in the skeleton does metastasis spread to (listed most frequently to least frequently)?
> vertebrae > proximal femur > pelvis > ribs > sternum > skull
name the 7 most common cancers to metastasise to bone
- lung
- breast
- prostate
- kidney
- thyroid
- GI tract
- melanoma
