Bone and soft tissue tumors Flashcards
_ is the most common benign bone tumor; it classically presents in patients aged 10-30
Osteochondroma is the most common benign bone tumor; it classically presents in patients aged 10-30
The most common tumor of the hand is a _ ; it typically presents in 20-50 year old
The most common tumor of the hand is an enchondroma ; it typically presents in 20-50 year old
Osteochondroma typically occurs in [bone region]
Osteochondroma typically occurs in metaphysis of long bone
* Most commonly is asymptomatic but can be painful to palpation
Enchondroma is most common in the [region] of the hand, feet, or distal femur
Enchondroma is most common in the medulla of the hand, feet, or distal femur
* Often asymptomatic but can cause pathologic fractures
X-ray showing a sessile, pedunculated lesion near the metaphysis is classic for _
X-ray showing a sessile, pedunculated lesion near the metaphysis is classic for osteochondroma
Enchondroma of the hand arises from _ and will present as a well-defined lucent medullary lesion
Enchondroma of the hand arises from hyaline cartilage and will present as a well-defined lucent medullary lesion
* Only removed if symptomatic
Osteochondroma may be removed if symptomatic; otherwise risk is very low for transformation into _
Osteochondroma may be removed if symptomatic; otherwise risk is very low for transformation into chondrosarcoma
_ is a benign bone tumor of the surface of facial and cranial bones
Osteoma is a benign bone tumor of the surface of facial and cranial bones
* It is typically asymptomatic, surgery done if the lesion is extensive
Osteoma is most closely associated with [genetic syndrome]
Osteoma is most closely associated with gardner syndrome (variant of FAP with bone and soft tissue tumors)
Diagnosis?
Osteoma
Osteoma will most typically occur in [ages] while osteoid osteoma is most common in [ages]
Osteoma will most typically occur in middle age while osteoid osteoma is most common in 5-25 yo
Bone pain that is worse at night and is relieved by NSAIDs may be suggestive of [bone tumor]
Bone pain that is worse at night and is relieved by NSAIDs may be suggestive of osteoid osteoma
Osteoid osteoma is classically found in [bone region]
Osteoid osteoma is classically found in metaphysis and diaphysis of long bones
Osteoid osteoma is [benign/malignant]
Osteoid osteoma is benign
* NSAIDs control pain, surgical removal if needed
Diagnosis?
Osteoid osteoma: radiolucent osteoid core with surrounding perifocal sclerosis
Osteoblastoma is [benign/malignant]
Osteoblastoma is benign
How will osteoblastoma present?
Localized pain with or without swelling, typically in 10-20 year-old male
* Most commonly occur in the vertebrae and can cause neurological symptoms if nerve compression occurs
Osteoblastoma is most commonly in _ but may also be found in _
Osteoblastoma is most commonly in vertebrae but may also be found in long bone diaphysis
Osteoblastoma is typically [larger/smaller] than osteoid osteoma and [will/will not] respond to NSAIDs
Osteoblastoma is typically larger than osteoid osteoma and will not respond to NSAIDs
* Surgical removal may be necessary, remember they often involve the vertebrae and cause neurological sx
Diagnosis?
Osteoblastoma
Another name for osteoclastoma is _
Another name for osteoclastoma is giant cell tumor
Giant cell tumors will typically affect [region of bone]
Giant cell tumors will typically affect epiphysis or metaphysis of long bones
* Most common in the knee or distal femur
Giant cell tumors are most common in ages _ , as age increases the chance of the tumor being malignant increases
Giant cell tumors are most common in ages 20-40 , as age increases the chance of the tumor being malignant increases
* Most of the time they are benign
How does giant cell tumor typically present?
Localized bone pain (sometimes with swelling)
* Pathologic fractures
* Decreased range of motion
* Common in knee/ distal femur
The buzzword for giant cell tumor on X-ray is _
The buzzword for giant cell tumor on X-ray is “soap-bubble” appearance
* Will show an osteolytic multicystic lesion
Histology of giant cell tumors will reveal increased (3 cell types):
Histology of giant cell tumors will reveal increased..
1. Multinucleated giant cells
2. Macrophages
3. Stromal cells
On histology, osteosarcoma will present with [findings]
On histology, osteosarcoma will present with pleomorphic osteoid producing cells
* Aka malignant osteoblasts
(3) Classical signs of osteosarcoma on X-ray:
(3) Classical signs of osteosarcoma on X-ray:
1. Sunburst pattern
2. Codman triangle
3. Osteolysis (moth-eaten appearance)
Codman triangle is a sign of [phenomenon] associated with osteosarcoma
Codman triangle is a sign of periosteal elevation associated with osteosarcoma
On histology, a chondrosarcoma will appear as peripheral calcification with hyaline cartilage nodules, which is [type collagen] as well as malignant chondrocytes
On histology, a chondrosarcoma will appear as peripheral calcification with hyaline cartilage nodules, which is type II collagen as well as malignant chondrocytes
Chondrosarcomas are said to have a “moth-eaten” appearance due to _ and a “popcorn appearance” due to _
Chondrosarcomas are said to have a “moth-eaten” appearance due to osteolysis and a “popcorn appearance” due to intralesional calcification
Diagnosis?
Osteochondroma
Diagnosis?
Rickets- Deficient mineralization of chondroid scaffolding leads to accumulation of hypertrophic cartilage
