Bone

Question 1

Osteoblast

Answer 1

Bone forming

Question 2

osteoclasts

Answer 2

bone remover and remodel

Question 3

Hormone influence on osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity

Answer 3

parathyroid- moves calcium and phosphorus

Question 4

vitamins that influence osteoblast and osteoclast

Answer 4

vitamin D
vitamin C

Question 5

biological active substances, that influence osteoblast and osteoclast

Answer 5

Prostaglandins and interleukins

Question 6

what is capable of spontaneous regeneration?

Answer 6

bone and liver

Question 7

composition of bone

Answer 7

8% water
92% solid material

Question 8

Periosteum

Answer 8

outer sheath fibrous layer

inner layer is the Cambian layer where new cell production occurs

Question 9

Endosteum

Answer 9

Inner lining of the bone marrow cavity

Question 10

function of the skeletal system

Answer 10

Acts as a lever
Protects internal vital organs
Support body and muscle attachments
Movement
Storage of minerals and salt
Blood cell formation in bone marrow

Question 11

The shapes of bones

Answer 11

Long
Short
Irregular
Pneumatic
Flat

Question 12

Primary bone healing

Answer 12

Callus free
Minimal or no mobility, good vascular supply

Question 13

indirect bone healing

Answer 13

secondary healing with callus formation

Inflammatory phase is 10% of the time
Repair phase
Remodeling phase 70% of the time

Question 14

Extracellular matrix

Answer 14

osteoid
Impregnated with calcium phosphate salt, or Hydroxyapatite

Question 15

osteoblast and osteoclast are in

Answer 15

The inside surface of a compact bone and trabeculae

Question 16

Periosteum covers

Answer 16

The bone outside and contains fibroblast osteoblast, but muscles and nerves sharpeys fibers are here

Question 17

Endochondral ossification

Answer 17

For long bones

Question 18

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 18

Or flat bones or square bones

Question 19

joints

Answer 19

Support and structural stability

Diarthrodial or synovial joint

Synarthrosis limited or no movement

Question 20

Osteomyelitis

Answer 20

acute bacterial infection of the bone

Caused by staph aureus

metaphyseal area of the tibia femur or humerus

spongiosa and cancellous bone and nutrient arteries are more susceptible

Question 21

hematogenous osteomyelitis and exogenous osteomyelitis

Answer 21

hematogenous- seeded from distant source (bloodstream)

exogenous- expansion from nearby tissue (direct)

Question 22

if periosteum is displaced

Answer 22

blood supply is compromised
bone infarct
rare in adults

Question 23

osteoporosis

Answer 23

etiology unknown but factors…

low bone mass
bad diet
hormones
age related changes in metabolism