Bonding, Structure, and Properties of Matter

Question 1

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 1

Metals combined with non-metals, particles are oppositely charged ions.

Question 2

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 2

Non-metals and non-metals sharing pairs of electrons.

Question 3

What is metallic bonding?

Answer 3

Metallic elements and alloys, particles are atoms which share delocalised electrons.

Question 4

Explain ionic bonding.

Answer 4

*Electrons in the outer shell of the metal atom are transferred.
*Metal atoms lose electrons to become positively charged ions.
* Non-metal atoms gain electrons to become negatively charged ions.

Question 5

Describe the structure of ionic compounds.

Answer 5

*Giant structure of ions held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
*Regular structures
*The forces act in all directions in the lattice.
*High melting and boiling points
*Due to large amounts of energy needed to break strong bonds
*Conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water as free to carry charge

Question 6

What ions do group 1 elements form?

Answer 6

1+ ions

Question 7

What ions do group 2 elements form?

Answer 7

2+ ions

Question 8

What ions do group 6 elements form?

Answer 8

2- ions

Question 9

What ions do group 7 elements form?

Answer 9

1- ions

Question 10

What does the amount of energy needed to change state depend on?

Answer 10

The strength of the intermolecular forces

Question 11

When would boiling and melting points be higher?

Answer 11

When the intermolecular forces are stronger

Question 12

What is the state symbol for solids?

Answer 12

s

Question 13

What is the state symbol for liquids?

Answer 13

l

Question 14

What is the state symbol for gases?

Answer 14

g

Question 15

What is the state symbol for aqueous

Answer 15

aq

Question 16

Describe properties of small molecules

Answer 16

*usually gases or liquids
*low melting and boiling points
*weak intermolecular forces
*Don’t conduct electricity

Question 17

What are the forces like between polymers?

Answer 17

*Very large molecules so string covalent bonds
*Relatively strong intermolecular forces
*So solids at room temperatures

Question 18

Describe giant covalent structures

Answer 18

*Solids with very high melting points
*Linked with strong covalent bonds
*Diamond and graphite and silicon dioxide are examples

Question 19

Describe properties of metals

Answer 19

*Giant structures of atoms with strong metalic bonds
*High melting and boiling points

Question 20

Describe properties of metals

Answer 20

*Giant structures of atoms with strong metalic bonds
*High melting and boiling points

Question 21

What are pure metals and why are they alloyed?

Answer 21

*Arranged in layers
*Metals can be bent and shaped
*Alloyed as they are too strong
*Alloys distrupt layers and make metals harder

Question 22

Why are metals good conductors?

Answer 22

They have a delocalised electron that is free to move and carry charge

Question 23

Describe the structure and bonding or diamond

Answer 23

*Each carbon atom forms four covalent bonds with other carbon atoms in a giant covalent structure
*Diamond is very hard
*HIgh melting and boiling points
*Does not conduct electricity

Question 24

Describe structure and bonding of graphite.

Answer 24

*Each carbon atom forms 3 covalent bonds
*Forming layers of hexagonal rings
*No covalent bonds between layers
*One electron from each carbon atom is delocalised
*So can conduct electricity

Question 25

Describe structure and bonding of Graphene

Answer 25

*One layer of Graphite
*One atom thick
*Covalent bonds make it very strong
*Contains delocalised electrons
*So can conduct electricity

Question 26

describe structure and bonding of fullerenes.

Answer 26

*molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes
*First fullerene was buckminsterfullerene C60

Question 27

Describe carbon nanotubes

Answer 27

*Fullerenes can form nanotubes
*Conduct electricity and thermal energy
*Can be used in electronics, drug delivery or to strengthen materials without adding much weight