Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > 10-Using Resources (2) > Flashcards

10-Using Resources (2) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is rusting?

A

The corrosion of iron.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is needed for iron to rust?

A

Water and Oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 5 barrier methods to protect iron from rusting?

A

• Paint
• Oil/grease
• Plastic
• Less reactive metal
• More reactive metal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Sacrificial Protection?

A

• Metal more reactive than iron (e.g zinc or magnesium) is attached to or coated on an object.
• To prevent the iron from rusting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is corrosion?

A

Destruction of metals by chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is aluminium protected from corrosion?

A

It has an oxide coating that protects it from further corrosion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an Alloy?

A

A mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

State one use of a copper alloy.

A
  • Bronze - alloy of copper and tin, for statues and decorative items
  • brass - alloy of copper and zinc, much harder than copper but is workable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

State one use of an aluminium alloy.

A

Lightweight but strong, used to build airfraft.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

State one use of gold alloys.

A

*To make it harder, for use as jewellery
*Alloyed with silver, copper and zinc
*Measured in carats, 24 carats=100% pure gold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are steels?

A

Alloys of iron with carbon and/or other metals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are Carbon Steels?

A

•Alloy of iron containing controlled, small amounts of carbon
• Made by removing most of the carbon from iron obtained from a blast furnace.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Properties of high carbon steels?

A

Very strong, but brittle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Properties of low carbon steels?

A

Softer, easily shaped.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What’s important about Stainless steels?

A

They are resistant to corrosion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do the properties of a polymer depend on?

A

• The monomer used to make it
• The conditions chosen to carry out reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the two types of poly(ethene)?

A

•High density HDPE
•Low density LDPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the conditions to produce LDPE?

A

•Very high pressures
•Trace of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the structure of LDPE?

A

•Polymer chains randomly branched
•So cannot be packed closely together.
•Lower softening temp than HDPE
•Weaker than HDPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the conditions to make HDPE?

A

•Using a catalyst at 50°c
•Slightly raising pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the structure of HDPE?

A

•Straighter polymer chains
•So can pack closer together
•Higher softening temperature than LDPE
•Stronger than LDPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a thermosoftening polymer?

A

•Polymer that forms plastics which can be softened by heating
• Then remoulded into different shapes as they cool and set.

23
Q

Whats a thermosetting polymer?

A

Polymer that can form extensive cross-linking between chains, resulting in rigid materials which are heat-resistant.

24
Q

What are the forces like between thermosoftening polymers?

A

• Weak intermolecular forces between chains that are broken when polymer is heated
• Can bring the polymer molecules back together when cooled down.

25
Q

What are the forces like between thermosetting polymers?

A

•Monomers make covalent bonds between the polymer chains when first heated to shape them.
•Strong covalent bonds don’t stop polymer from softening but do not allow cross links to separate
•will char at high enough temperatures.

26
Q

What is soda-lime glass made from?

A

Sand (silicone dioxide), sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate.

27
Q

How is soda-lime glass made?

A

Sand heated at 1500°c with small amounts of calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate, cools but particles irregular.

28
Q

What are the raw materials in Borosillicate glass?

A

•Sand
•Boron trioxide

29
Q

What is borosilicate glass used for and why?

A

•Ovenwear
•Resistant to heat

30
Q

How are ceramics made?

A

•Clay mined and dug out
•clay shaoed
•clay contains compounds of metals
•ionic bonding between ions
•layers formed
•water molecules between layers
•water driven out when fired in kiln/furnace
•brittle as sharp blow can distort layers

31
Q

What are properties of ceramics?

A

•Hard
•resistant to heat
•resistant to chemical reactios
•electrical insulators

32
Q

What are ceramics used for?

A

•Crockery
•baths
•sinks

33
Q

What is a composite?

A

Any material of atleast two other materials to improve properties

34
Q

What is plywood?

A

*A composite
*thin sheets of wood glued together
*to resist splitting along the grain
*successive layers running at right angles

35
Q

What is MDF?

A

*composite
*splinters of wood and sawdust compressed and bound together by polymer resin
*can cut into intricate shapes without splintering

36
Q

What is concrete?

A

*made from cement, sand, gravel and water left to set
*very hard
*strong in compression
*made more resistant to bending forces by setting it around matrix of steel rods forming reinforced concrete

37
Q

what is the haber process?

A
  • Way of turning Nitrogen in the air into ammonia
  • Can be used to make nitrogen-based fertilizers
38
Q

What are the raw materials involved in the haber process?

A
  • Nitrogen from the air
  • Hydrogen,mainly from natural gas
39
Q

What are the conditions required for the haber process?

A
  • iron catalyst
  • 450 temperature
  • 200 atmospheres pressure
  • reversible reaction
40
Q

Describe the haber process.

A
  • Nitrogen and Hydrogen purified, passed over iron catalyst
  • Some hydrogen and nitrogen react to form ammonia
  • Some ammonia produced breaks down into nitrogen and hydrogen
  • Ammonia cools and is removed
  • Remaining hydrogen and nitrogen recycled
  • reaction is reversible
41
Q

What effect does increasing pressure have on the yield?

A
  • Shift equilibrium to the right (where fewer moles of gas) to oppose change
  • increases yield
42
Q

What effect does increasing pressure have on the rate?

A
  • increase rate
  • particles closer together so more frequent collisions
43
Q

What effect does increasing temperature have on the yield?

A
  • Shift equilibrium to the left
  • so yield decreased
  • lower temperatures increase yield but produced too slow
44
Q

What effect does increasing temperature have on the rate?

A
  • lower temperature slows rate
  • temperature speeds up particles and increases rate of successful collisions
45
Q

What effect does adding an iron catalyst have on the yield?

A

no effect

46
Q

What effect does adding an iron catalyst have on the rate?

A

*lowers activation energy
*speeds up rate on both sides

47
Q

What does adding sulfuric acid to ammonia produce?

A

Ammonium sulfate

48
Q

What does adding phosphoric acid to ammonia produce?

A

Ammonium phosphate

49
Q

What does adding Nitric acid to ammonia produce?

A

Ammonium nitrate

50
Q

How can ammonia be used to make fertilisers?

A

*Ammonia used to make Nitric acid
*Nitric acid reacted with more ammonia to produce ammonium nitrate
*Ammonia neutralised by sulfuric acid to produce ammonium sulfate fertiliser, and with phosphoric acid to make ammonium phosphate fertiliser

51
Q

What are the souces of phosphorus for making NPK fertilisers?

A

Deposits of phosphorus containing rock, treated with acids to make fertiliser salts

52
Q

What happens when phosphorus rock is treated with Nitric acid?

A

*Produce phosphoric acid and calcium nitrate
*Then neutralised with ammonia to make ammonium phosphate

53
Q

What happens when phosphorus rock is treated with Sulfuric acid?

A

*Produce single superphosphate
*Which is calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate

54
Q

What happens when phosphorus rock is treated with Phosphoric acid?

A

*Produce triple superphosphate
*Which is calcium phosphate

Chemistry (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions