Bonding, structure and properties of matter Flashcards
Solid feature of particles
Very close together
Regular pattern
Vibrate around a fixed position
Low energy
Liquid feature of particles
Close
Randomly arranged
Move around each other
Greater energy
Gas feature of particles
Far apart
Randomly arranged
Move quickly in all directions
Highest energy
What cannot and can be compressed
cannot:
Solids
Liquids
can:
Gas
Why can solids not be compressed
Cannot be compressed because their particles are close together and have no space to move into
Why can liquids not be compressed
Cannot be compressed, because their particles are close together and have no space to move into
why can gasses be compressed
and movement of particles
Flow and completely fill their container, because their particles can move quickly in all directions
Can be compressed, because their particles are far apart and have space to move into
Stronger the forces of attraction the more _____ is required to change an objects state from a solid to a liquid or a liquid to a gas
energy
Cl ion symbol
mg ion symbol
cl-
Mg2+
O ion symbol
Na ion symbol
O2-
Na+
Ionic bonds attract how
The metal will have a positive charge and the non metal will have a negative charge. Opposite charges attract and electrostatic forces attract the ions together. The forces act in all directions
What kind of structure is an ionic compound
Giant strucutre.
Ionic lattice
Ionic lattice
Repeating arrangements of ions and iconic substance
Properties of iconic compounds
High boiling points and melting points
they are solid at room temp
giant ionic lattices
When liquid it can conduct electricity when the substance is liquid or dissolved
Requirements to conduct electricity
It contains charged particles and these particles are free to move from place to place.
When can an iconic compound conduct electricity
It has melted to form a liquid or it has dissolved in water to form an aqueous solution
A covalent bond is formed when
Two atoms share a pair of electrons.
Most covalent bonded substances consist of what type of mole
Small moles
Simple covalent structures (2)
features
Only thing holding moles together is weak imf. Does not require much energy to overcome
Giant covalent structures
are made up of a huge number of atoms all joined by covalent bonds in contentions 3D networks
What makes diamond so hard and gives it a high M.P
each carbon atom is bonded with 4 other carbon atoms to conform a continuous regular lattice. Covalent bonds are strong and there are lots of them in diamond giving it a extremely high M.P and making it the hardest natural substance
Graphite is made of 100% carbon same as diamond but why is it different
Each atom is bonded to 3 carbon atoms. They end up forming layers with only weak IMF between them. The moles can slide over each other quite easily
graphite features
soft and slippery
Conduct electricity
Why does graphite conduct electricity
It has non bonding outer electrons.
They are free to move around the lattice
do simple structured substances have high mp and high bp
no they have low
The bigger the mole the bigger the ______
IMF
Why can metals conduct electricity
Metals conduct electricity because they have delocalised electrons. These carry electrical charge through the metal
How can you make a pure metal stronger
By turning it into an alloy by adding another element to
Properties of mild steel and the elements that make it
Elements carbon and iron
Easy to bend and pull into wires
Tool steel properties + elements that make it
Tungsten and iron
Hard and can be heated to high tempratures
Stainless steels properties + elements to make it
Chromium and iron
Hard does not trust easily
Why are solid state pure metals soft
A pure metal has a giant metallic structure. The atoms are arranged in layers. When a force is applied the layers may slide over each other.
Giant metallic strucutre def
The structure of a metal
The metals atoms are arrange din a regular pattern of layers, with delocalised electrons able to move between them
Why are solid state pure metals softer than alloys metals usually
In an alloy there are toms of different sizes. The smaller or bigger atoms distort the layers of atoms in the pure metal. This means that a greater force is required for the layers to slide over each other.
Why can a liquid flow
because its particles are close together
