Atomic structure and periodic table Flashcards
Why do atoms have no overall charge (1)
It is because atoms contain an equal amount of protons and electrons.
When a metal reacts with a non metal which one gains and loses electrons (2)
The metal lose electrons to become a positive ion
The non metal gains electrons to become a negative ion.
Atomic number (1)
Sum of protons
Atomic mass (1)
Protons + neutrons
Why are group 0 elements very unreactive (1)
They are very unreactive because they have a full outer shell of electrons and they do not need anymore.
What happens to noble gasses boiling points as you go down the group (1)
The BP increases.
Why do group 1 elements become more reactive each element further down (2)
This is because the outer singular electron on the furthest electron shell is furthest from the nucleus and can be lost a lot easier.
Do group 1 elements have a higher or lower BP as you go down the group (1)
Lower BP as you go down the group
When alkali metals react with water what is created (1)
metal hydroxide + hydrogen(g)
What happens when a alkali metal reacts with a non metal (1)
It becomes a (+1) ion
chlorine + potassium bromide —> (1)
Potassium chloride + bromine
In terms of electrons ionic bonding does what (2)
The metal loses electrons too become a positively charged ion, and the non-metal gains electrons to become a negatively charged ion.
What strong force holds the ionic bond together and between which moles (2)
Is a strong electrostatic force of attraction between the positive metal ion and the negative non-metal ion.
Properties of ionic compounds (3)
They are giant structures of ions
They are held together by strong electrostatic forces that act in all directions between oppositely charged ions and are held together by strong ionic bonds.
“IBring Clay For Our New House” this mnemonic means what
A list of all the non metal molecules that exist of two atoms joined up together
Iodine, i2
Bromine, Br2
Chlorine, Cl2
Fluorine, F2
Oxygen, O2
Nitrogen, N2
Hydrogen, H2
Chemical formulae for nitrogen
N2
How can a formula of an iconic compound be predicted
Using the formula of its ions. The numbers of the ions in a formula must give an equal number of positive and negative charges.
What is an iconic compound
An iconic compound occurs when a negative ion joins with a positive ion
What is filtration used for
Used to separate an insoluble solid/excess reactant from a liquid.
Formulae for sulfuric acid
H2SO4
Hydrochloric acid
HCl
Ammonia
NH3
Plum pudding model
Cloud of positive charge
Electrons dotted throughout
Who discovered the electron and created the plum pudding model
JJ thomson
John Dalton
Published his ideas that he thought that all matter was made of tiny particles called atoms. Which he imagined as tiny spheres that could be not be divided
Rutherford experiment to test the plum pudding model
He fired alpha particles at thin gold foil
Most went straight through but a few were scattered in different directions
Bohr’s caculations led him to find out
That electrons orbit the nucleus in shells. The shells are at certain distances from the nucleus.
Chadwick found evidence of what
In 1932 james found evidence for the existence of particles in the nucleus with mass but no charge. These particles are called neutrons
Radius of an atom is around
0.1 nanometers
What physical properties do transition metals share with other elemental metals
They conduct electricity in the solid and liquid states
They are shiny when freshly cut
What properties do transition metals mostly have against group 1 metals
Give 2
- Higher melting points
-Higher densities
-Greater strength
-greater hardness
-Not as reactive with oxygen or water
Chromium properties compared to group one
lustrous,
brittle,
hard meta
manganese properties compared to group one
hard and very
brittle, difficult to
fuse, but easy to
oxidise
iron properties compared to group one
good
conductor,
rusts easily
in air, strong,
ductile
malleable
cobalt properties compared to group one
brittle, hard,
high melting
point
nickel properties compared to group one
hard, malleable,
and ductile,
fairly good
conductor of
heat and
electricity
nickel properties compared to group one
hard, malleable,
and ductile,
fairly good
conductor of
heat and
electricity
copper properties compared to group one
highly ductile
and
conductive.
malleable and
soft
Group 1 alkali metals properties
Soft metals can be cut with knife
Relatively low melting points
Low density
React very rapidly with oxygen chlorine and water
Transition elements form colored compounds
Remember this keep going do 25 more
Transition metals can be used as catalysts true/false
