Bonding, molecular shapes and polarity

Question 1

Ionic bond

Answer 1

A transfer of electrons and subsequent electrostatic attraction

Question 2

Metallic bonding (Explenation)

Answer 2

The metal atoms pack closely together so as to overlap their outer energy levels.
They each donate their valence electrons to the common energy level to form a delocalised electron cloud.
The metal atoms are then positively charged cations.
A strong electrostatic force between the metal cations and the delocalised electron cloud keeps the metal particles together.
The metal particles are arranged in a crystal lattice.

Question 3

Covalent bonding

Answer 3

A sharing of at least one pair of electrons by two non-metal atoms.

Question 4

Electronegativity

Answer 4

A measure of the Tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons

Question 5

Non-polar (pure) covalent bonds

Answer 5

An equal sharing of electrons

Question 6

Polar covalent bonds

Answer 6

Unequal sharing of electrons leading to a dipole forming (as a result of electronegativity difference)

Question 7

Metallic bonding

Answer 7

Bonding between a positive kernel and a sea of delocalised electrons