Bonding and Orbitals Flashcards
What do atomic orbitals form when they combine?
Molecular orbitals
When is a bonding orbital formed?
When the signs of the wave functions of the atomic orbitals are the same
When is an antibonding orbital formed?
When the signs of the wave functions of the atomic orbitals are different
Which orbitals are more stable: bonding or antibonding orbitals?
Bonding orbitals
What are the s and p characters of an sp3 orbital?
25% s and 75% p
What are the s and p characters of an sp2 orbital?
33% s and 67% p
What type of bonds do sp3 orbitals form?
Single
What type of bonds do sp2 orbitals form?
Double
What type of bonds do sp orbitals form?
Triple
What are the s and p characters of an sp orbital?
50% s and 50% p
How do the orbitals of resonance structures differ?
Differ in their placement of electrons in hybridized p orbitals
What is the true electron density when a molecule has different resonance structures?
A weighted average of the resonance structures
What geometry do sp3 orbitals form?
Tetrahedral with 109.5 bond angles
What geometry do sp2 orbitals form?
Trigonal planar with 120 bond angles
What geometry do sp orbitals form?
Linear with 180 bond angles
What kind of orbitals are pi bonds made of?
2 p orbitals
What kind of orbitals are sigma bonds made of?
- s and s orbitals
- p and p orbitals
- s and p orbitals
- hybridized orbitals
How does orbital overlap affect bond strength?
The greater the overlap, the greater the bond strength
What is a sigma bond? What do they enable?
Head on overlap of orbitals
Enable free rotation around the bond
What types of bond in a double bond?
1 sigma and 1 pi
What is a pi bond? What does it restrict?
Side by side overlap of orbitals
Restricts free rotation
What does increased s character imply?
Increased stability because decreased energy
