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AP Chemistry > Bonding and Intermolecular Forces > Flashcards

Bonding and Intermolecular Forces Flashcards

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1
Q

Covalent bonds involve the _____________ of electrons, which is usually between nonmetals and metalloids.

A

Sharing

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2
Q

Reason ionic bond forms

A

Cation-anion attraction

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3
Q

Law that dictates strength of ionic bond

A

Coulomb’s law

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4
Q

The greater the electronegativity difference between two elements sharing electrons, the more __________ the bond.

A

Polar

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5
Q

Carbon will make _______ bonds when covalently bonded.

A

4

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6
Q

4 electron domains

A

sp3
Tetrahedral
109°

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7
Q

3 electron domains

A

sp2
Trigonal planar
120°

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8
Q

2 electron domains

A

sp
Linear
180°

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9
Q

In asymmetrical molecules, bond dipoles __________ cancel, which makes the molecule __________.

A

Do not; polar

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10
Q

In symmetrical molecules, bond dipoles _________ cancel out, which makes the molecules _________.

A

Do; nonpolar

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11
Q

Carbon-to-hydrogen bonds are considered __________.

A

Nonpolar

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12
Q

CxHy polarity

A

Always nonpolar

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13
Q

A single bond contains 2 electrons, which make up ____ sigma bond(s) and ____ pi bond(s).

A

one; zero

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14
Q

A double bond contains 4 electrons, which make up ____ sigma bond(s) and ____ pi bond(s).

A

one; one

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15
Q

A triple bond contains 6 electrons, which make up ____ sigma bond(s) and ____ pi bond(s).

A

one; two

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16
Q

Lattice energy is the energy required to separate __________ in a(n) ____________ compound.

A

Ions; ionic

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17
Q

Lattice energy is larger for ionic compounds made up of _______ ions.

A

smaller

18
Q

Lattice energy is larger for ionic compounds made up of __________ charged ions.

A

Larger

19
Q

Formal charge formula

A

FC = # ve- – # electrons in lone pairs – # of bonds

20
Q

When comparing two possible Lewis dot structures for a molecule, a negative formal charge should go on the _____________ electronegative element if possible.

A

more

21
Q

The ____________ should be obeyed when drawing Lewis dot structures unless an element has a(n) ______________.

A

Octet rule; expanded octet

22
Q

If NASL fails, use the _____ line to figure out how many electrons to distribute.

A

A

23
Q

General ranking of IMF strength from weakest to strongest

A

LDF
Dipole-dipole
Hydrogen bonding
Ion-dipole

Note: LDF can be stronger for LARGE molecules due to polarizability.

24
Q

LDF strength is usually weak, but can be stronger when the particle is ________________ and ______________________.

A

Large; spread out

25
Q

Lager molecules have stronger LDFs due to _____________.

A

Polarizability

26
Q

IMF that all particles can experience between one another

A

LDF

27
Q

Polar molecules interacting involve what forces always?

A

LDF
Dipole-dipole

Note: hydrogen bonding is possible also if one molecule has a NOF bonded directly to a hydrogen atom.

28
Q

Hydrogen bonding requires that the interacting molecules be _________ and one must have __________ directly bonded to a hydrogen.

A

Polar; N, O, or F

29
Q

Boiling point and melting point _________ with stronger attractive forces.

A

Increase

30
Q

Vapor pressure _________ with stronger attractive forces.

A

Decreases

31
Q

Molecular solids

A

Held together by IMFs
Brittle
Low BP/MP
Does not conduct electricity in solid phase, liquid phase, or when in water

32
Q

Ionic solids

A

Held together by ionic bonds
Brittle
High MP/BP
Don’t conduct electricity as solid but do conduct electricity in liquid phase or dissolved in water

33
Q

Quartz (SiO2) and diamond are examples of _______________ solids.

A

Covalent network

34
Q

Network covalent solids

A

Held together by covalent bonds
Hard
Very high BP/MP

35
Q

Metallic solid

A

Held together by metallic bonds (sea of electrons w/ nondirectional bonds)
Malleable
High MP/BP
Conducts electricity in solid or liquid phase, but does not dissolve in water unless reacting with water

36
Q

Molecular solids melting or boiling involve the breaking of ____________ and NOT ____________.

A

IMFs; bonds

37
Q

IMFs should not be referred to as _________.

A

Bonds

38
Q

Chromatography separates based on differences in ____________.

A

Polarity

39
Q

The molecule that travels ____________ with the mobile phase is the most attracted to the mobile phase.

A

Fastest/furthest

40
Q

Distillation separates based on ___________.

A

Boiling point

AP Chemistry (10 decks)

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