Acids and Bases

Question 1

Solutions that are acidic tend to have pHs ____ than 7.

Answer 1

Less

Question 2

Solutions that are basic tend to have pHs ______ than 7.

Answer 2

Greater

Question 3

At 25°C only, the pH of pure water is

Answer 3

7.

Question 4

What do acids do in acid/base reactions?

Answer 4

Donate H⁺

Question 5

What do bases do in acid/base reactions?

Answer 5

Accept H⁺

Question 6

In math equations, H⁺ can be replaced with

Answer 6

H₃O ⁺.

Question 7

What are the strong acids?

Answer 7

HCl
HBr
HI
HNO₃
H₂SO₄
HClO₄

Question 8

What are the strong bases?

Answer 8

Group 1A and 2A metals bonded to OH^-

Question 9

For solutions containing weak acids only, a useful formula is

Answer 9

[H⁺] = sqrt([weak acid]•K_a)

Question 10

For solutions containing weak bases acids only, a useful formula is

Answer 10

[OH^-] = sqrt([weak base]•K_b)

Question 11

Percent ionization/dissociation for weak acid formula

Answer 11

% Diss = [H⁺]/[weak acid]_o • 100%

Question 12

As you dilute a weak acid or weak base, the percent ionization of the weak acid or weak base

Answer 12

Increases.

Question 13

If a salt contains a weak acid, it will make a(n) _______ solution when dissolved into.

Answer 13

Acidic

Question 14

If a salt contains a weak base, it will make a(n) _______ solution when dissolved in water.

Answer 14

Basic

Question 15

Electronegative atoms make weak acids _________

Answer 15

Stronger.

Question 16

C_xH_y groups make weak acids

Answer 16

Weaker.

Question 17

Electronegative atoms make weak bases

Answer 17

Weaker.

Question 18

C_xH_y groups make weak bases

Answer 18

Stronger.

Question 19

Resonance makes a conjugate base ________ stable.

Answer 19

More

Question 20

Buffer solutions must contain a ___________________.

Answer 20

Weak conjugate acid/base pair

Ex. HCOOH and HCOO^-

Question 21

pH at equivalence point in a strong acid/weak base titration

Answer 21

pH < 7 (due to CA of weak base)

Question 22

pH at equivalence point in a weak acid/strong base titration

Answer 22

pH > 7 (due to CB of weak acid)

Question 23

pH at equivalence point in a strong acid/strong base titration

Answer 23

pH = 7

Question 24

pH at equivalence point in a weak acid/weak bad titration

Answer 24

pH could be greater than, less than, or equal to 7. Determined by whichever conjugate is stronger.

Question 25

pH = p*K*_a when

Answer 25

[HA] = [A^-] (half-equivalence point)

Question 26

Greater buffer capacity is related to having

Answer 26

more moles of weak acid or weak base in buffer solution.

Question 27

An indicator should be selected for titration that has a p*K*_a close to the pH at

Answer 27

the equivalence point.