Bonding Flashcards
What are the limitations of the ball and stick model?
- scale of nucleus to electrons
- show bonds as physical structures
- do not give an accurate idea of the 3D shape of a molecule
When is a giant covalent structure formed?
When atoms of a substance form repeated covalent bonds
What is an allotrope?
A different form of the same element
Name 3 allotropes of carbon
Diamond
Graphite
Buckminsterfullerene
Which allotrope of carbon was discovered most recently?
Buckminsterfullerene
What is diamond used for?
Jewellery
Tools
What is graphite used for?
Writing
Dry lubricants
What is buckminsterfullerene used for?
Reinforcing (eg tennis rackets)
Industrial production of catalysts
Semiconductors in electric circuits
What does diamond consist of?
Strong covalent bonds in a 3D structure
What are 6 properties of diamond?
Lustrous Transparent Insoluble Insulator of Electricity High Melting Point Hard
What does graphite consist of?
Strong covalent bonds in flat sheets
What are 6 properties of graphite?
Lustrous Opaque Insoluble High Melting Point Conductor of Electricity Slippery
Why does graphite conduct electricity?
Because only three out of four outer electrons are used in bonding, therefore one electron is delocalised
How is graphite held together?
In layers
What is graphene?
A single layer of graphite
