Bonding

Question 1

Why do Reactions Happen

Answer 1

• Chemical reactions occur as Atoms want to have full outer shell of electrons.
• The can do this by either gaining or losing electrons (Ionic) or sharing electrons (covalent)

Question 2

What is Ionic Bonding

Answer 2

• There is an electrostatic attraction between ions and this attraction is called ionic bonding
• Ionic compounds are made up of metals and non-metals
• Ionic bonds are generally quite strong

Question 3

What is a Ion and how to get it

Answer 3

• An Ion is an atom with more or less electrons than a normal atom of the element
• A normal atom is not positive or negative as the number of electrons is the same as protons
• An atoms that is now positively or negatively charged is an ION

Question 4

Ionic Crystal Lattice

Answer 4

• Ionic compounds are crystalline, the ions form a regular lattice
• The forces holding the lattice are very strong as there are a lot of bonds.
• When Ionic compounds when dissolved in water or molten they conduct electricity

Question 5

Metallic Bonding

Answer 5

• Metallic bonding is the strong attraction between closely packed positive metal ions and a “sea” of de-localized electrons.
• These metals are giants structures of repeating ions in a regular crystal lattice making them a good conductor of electricity and heat
• Metals can be combined to make alloys such as steel which are stronger as the sheets do not slide against each other as much

Question 6

Covalent Bonding

Answer 6

• Covalent compounds are formed when non-metal atoms react together.
• A pair of electrons one from each atom, these are then shared between the 2.

Question 7

Simple Covalent Molecules

Answer 7

• Low melting points and can be in any state of matter at room temperature
• Generally quite small, can be very reactive. Soft and brittle when solid
• Volatile evaporating from solid to gas easily at room temperature
  ex) H20

Question 8

Giant Covalent Structures

Answer 8

-Examples of this are Diamond, Graphite and Quartz.