Bonding

Question 1

3 main types of bonds

Answer 1

Ionic, covalent, metallic

Question 2

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 2

• Positive and negatively charged ions attract one another and bind together forming a new substance.
• This occurs between a metal and a nonmetal

Question 3

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 3

• Pairs of electrons are shared between atoms, to gain a more stable full outer electron shell
• This occurs between two nonmetal atoms
• The shared pair of electrons holds the atoms together, creating a molecule

Question 4

What is Metallic bonding?

Answer 4

• Single metal or mixture of metals (alloy)
• Atoms that comprise a metal are tightly bound to one another by the ‘sea of delocalised electrons’.
• Positively charged metal ions held together by electron “glue”

Question 5

What is an ionic crystal?

Answer 5

• An ionic crystal consists of ions bound together by electrostatic attraction.
• The arrangement of ions in a regular, geometric structure is called a crystal lattice.

Question 6

What type of bonding holds the ions together in an ionic crystal?

Answer 6

electrostatic forces between positive and negative ions

Question 7

What is the potential energy when a stable bond forms? How is this related to bond length?

Answer 7

• the potential energy is at the lowest state when there is a stable bond.
• The bond length corresponds to the distance between the atoms when the potential energy is lowest.
• Bond lengths between atoms with multiple bonds are shorter than in those with single bonds
• Because double bonds need more energy to tear apart they are less reactive = less potential energy