Bonding Flashcards
What is Ionic Bonding
The bonding of a metal and a non-metal through electrostatic attraction of the atoms
What are the important Compound Ions to know
- Sulphate (SO4 -2)
- Nitrate (NO3 -)
- Ammonium ( NH4 +)
- Hydroxide (OH-)
- Carbonate (CO3 -2)
Physical properties of ionic lattices
- HIgh melting and Boiling points
- Soluble in water
- Can conduct electricity and heat when dissolved or molten
What is Metallic Bonding?
When a non metal is not present a metals outer electrons merge together to form a sea of delocalised electrons attracted to positive ions by strong electrostatic attraction
Properties of metals
- High MP because of strong electrostatic forces hard to break
- Insoluble in water because forces too strong to be broken by water
- MP is determined by the amount of electrons the higher it is
- Metals can conduct electricity due to having delocalised electrons capable of carrying charge across metal
- Metals can conduct Heat due to having delocalised electrons able to carry kinetic energy across metal
What is Bonding pair
A pair of electrons that are shared through covalent bonding
What is lone pair?
A lone pair is a pair of electrons that is not shared by atoms in covalent bonding and therefore not involved the covalent bonding
What is a permanent dipole?
A permanent dipole is a difference in charge from one side of a molecule or bond due to electrons moving to a side of a bond or molecule.
What is the strongest intermolecular force ranked from 1 being the strongest to 3 being the weakest?
- Hydrogen Bonds
- Permanent dipole
- van der waals forces or induced dipole
Where are the elements with the highest electronegativity on the periodic table?
The top right of the periodic table
What are the 4 most electronegative elements ranked from 1 being the highest and 4 being the lowest
- Flourine
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
- Chlorine
How are permanent dipoles formed?
They are formed through polarity in a molecule
How do intermolecular forces affect compounds?
They determine their physical properties
Which is harder to break intermolecular forces or bonds?
Bonds
How are van der waals forces made?
From an instant where most electron density is at one side of the atom causing the electrons in that atom to repel the electrons in nearest atom to one side and the van der waal force is the attraction the negative charge of one side of an atom has to the positively charged side of another atom
