Bonding

Question 1

What particles are inv in ionic bonding?

Answer 1

Oppositely charged ions are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attr

Question 2

Covalent Bonding

Answer 2

When non-metal atoms share e

Question 3

What is the def of cov bond?

Answer 3

El. attr between a shared pair of e and the nuclei of bonded atoms

Question 4

What is a lone pair?

Answer 4

Pair of e in outer shell of atom in a mol which is not being shared

Question 5

What is a co-ord bond?

Answer 5

Shared pair of e with both e supplied by one atom

Question 6

What is electronegativity?

Answer 6

Extent to which an atom attracts the bonding e in a cov bond

Question 6

What is the Octet Rule?

Answer 6

When reacting, an atom tends to gain,lose or share e to achieve 8e in its outer shell

Question 7

Why does EN increase as you go across period?

Answer 7

Nuclear charge increases
Shielding of shared pair constant
Shared pair is closer to nucleus

Question 8

Why does EN increase as you go up group?

Answer 8

Shared pair closer to nucleus so is less shielded

Question 9

What does polar mean?

Answer 9

When 2 atoms with dif EN held together by e. sharing bond

Question 10

What is a dipole?

Answer 10

2 neighbouring partial (opposite) charges

Question 11

What is metallic lattice?

Answer 11

Attr between pos ions and del e in a lattice

Question 12

Why do metals have high bp?

Answer 12

B/c strong met bonds which are dif to break (a lot of en needed)

Question 13

Why does mp increase from NA-MG-AL?

Answer 13

Positive ions have bigger charge and more delocalised e

Question 14

Why are metals good e cond in s and l?

Answer 14

Del e are free to move and carry charge

Question 15

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 15

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in giant ionic lattice

Question 16

Why do ionic lattice have high mp?

Answer 16

Strong ionic bonds which are dif to break a lot of en needed

Question 17

Why does ionic lattice have poor ec in s state?

Answer 17

Ions are not free to move and carry charge

Question 18

Why are ions good e.c when molten/ aq?

Answer 18

Ions are free to move

Question 19

What is found in mol cov str?

Answer 19

Str cont small mol held together by IMF

Question 20

What is found between mol in mol cov str?

Answer 20

IM attr between mol- vdW attr

Question 21

What happens to iodine when heated? Why?

Answer 21

Sublimes to purple gas because weak attr overcome easily- v little en input needed

Question 22

Why are mol cov very poor e.c?

Answer 22

No del. e.

Question 23

What str does diamond have?

Answer 23

Giant Cov Str

Question 24

What shape is diamond?

Answer 24

Tetrahedral arr around each C atom with strong cov bonds- RIGID and HARD- not brittle

Question 25

Descr e.c of diamond?

Answer 25

No del e so very poor e.c

Question 26

Descr mp of diamond:

Answer 26

Very high mp- strong cov bonds- dif to break- lots of en needed

Question 27

What do diamond and graphite have in common?

Answer 27

Both allotropes of C- different forms of the same el in same phys state

Question 28

Descr the bonding in graphite:

Answer 28

Attr between layers are weak- vdW attr
Layers can easily slide over each other
Within each layer, each C atom bonded to 3 others by cov bonds

Question 29

What is the e.c of graphite?

Answer 29

Del can move and carry charge so good e.c

Question 30

Descr the cov bonds in graphite:

Answer 30

Layers are strong and dif to break- subst en req- very high mp

Question 31

What does each layer of graphite have?

Answer 31

Interlinking hex rings

Question 32

Why does the strength of vdwf increase up halogens?

Answer 32

Size of mol increases
More points of contact
More vdwF

Question 33

What is hydrogen bonding?

Answer 33

Mol which cont a H atom bonded to 1 of 3 most EN atoms (F,O,N) are attr to one another by H bonds