Bonding

Question 1

Describe bonding ionic bonds:

Answer 1

Strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions and have high melting and boiling points and don’t conduct electricity in solid form.

Question 2

Describe bonding in covalent bonds:

Answer 2

Bonding between non metals.
Simple covalent bonds-molecular; weak intermolecular forces, low melting and boiling pints and no delocalized electrons so don’t conduct electricity,
Giant covalent bonds- macromolecular; strong covalent bonds, high melting point and boiling points and don’t conduct electricity apart from graphite which is the only exception.

Question 3

Describe bonding in metallic bonding;

Answer 3

Bonding in metals.
Strong electrostatic forces of attraction, high melting and boiling points and do conduct electricity as they have delocalized electrons to carry charges.

Question 4

Describe diamond:

Answer 4

Strong covalent bonds, hard and high melting and boiling point as it requires a lot of energy to overcome their bonds. It doesn’t conduct electricity because has no delocalized electrons and it is a good thermal conductors

Question 5

Describe graphite:

Answer 5

Strong covalent bonds with weak van der waals forces. Their weak intermolecular forces make them slippery and slide over each other. Their strong covalent bonds make them have high melting and boiling points and their delocalized electrons allow them to conduct electricity.

Question 6

Define electronegativity:

Answer 6

The power of an atom to attract electron density in a covalent bond towards itself.

Question 7

How are polar bonds formed in covalent bonds?

Answer 7

Covalent bonds with different electronegativities, the bonding pair will be pulled towards the atom with the higher electronegativity forming permanent dipole dipole and making it polar.

Question 8

Why are not all polar bonds in covalent bonds polar?

Answer 8

If polar bonds are arranged symmetrically then the charge will cancel out so there’s no permanent dipole.

Question 9

What are the different types of intermolecular forces?

Answer 9

• Induced dipole-dipole / Van der waals forces
• Permanent dipole-dipole forces caused by polar molecules.
• Hydrogen bonding (Nitrogen, Oxygen and Fluorine).