Bombaclaat Flashcards
Why did farmers not benefit from the economic boom
Over production, European Tarifs so no exports,
How many farmers moved to city after losing out in economic boom
6 m
Why did old the fabric industry suffer due to the economic boom
New development of ray on wich was cheaper and easier to get than cotton
Why did coal industry suffer
Electricity and oil are more competitive
How many people in old Industries lived in poverty
42 %
Many African Americans were sharecroppers why was this a problem
Farming industry is low and they don’t own the land they harvest from. It was hard to gain money.
How many of the struggling farmers were African American
3/4
What is busy and slack
Where people were seasonally employed. Who had jobs at some points at the year due to demand
How many people in Chicago owned a car at the time
3%
How much did the top 5% earn compared to the bottom 42%
The top 5% owned 32% of the total money in the whole of America compared to the bottom 42% 10%
What is Lais er fair
To let be, it means the government has very little interference
What was the wage difference in the roaring 20s
11%
Why was radio important to the boom
People were entertained by the broadcasting of sports and news. NBC had gained 150$ from it by 1929
Why was baseball popular
It did it discriminate- babe Ruth made the equivalent of £7m a year back then
How much did cinema views up take between the 1910 and 20s
3x 35m to 100m per week
What would studios do for actors
Studios were more focus on developing an actor rather than a movie. Creating stars like Chaplin Clara now and Rudolph Valentino
How many movies were Hollywood making by 1929
500 a year
When did sound films release
1927
What are talkies and what did they cause
They are coloured sound films and they ruined actors careers because they had bad voices
When was the first talkie
1947
What is hays code
Screen rules which monotizwd movies for example no kissing for longer than 3 seconds no nudity and discourage crime
What were women like before the war
Long dresses
No make up
Chaperoned all the time
No smoking
Settle for poor paid jobs
What happened when war struck
Women took men’s jobs- more freedom
When were woman given the right to vote
1920
What happened to divorce rate in 1920
Double due to women independence
What were flappers
Women who dress freely and smoke and drink publicly rode motorcycles
What is anti flirt league
Was a group to stop flappers from forming and living like they do
What is prohibition
Forbidding of alcohol in America in 1920
What is peakeasy
Secret bars or drinking shop during prohibition
What is bootleggers
People who make or sell good illegally
What act and amendment is prohibition
It is the vilstead act and the 18 amendment
Why was prohibition put in place
Organisations for temperance eg saloon league because people shouldn’t waste money as high poverty and parents accidentally drunkenly smothering their infants
What is saloon league
Saloon league is Protestant republican oraganisation that worked closely with kkk
Why did industrialists like prohibition
Workers would be more effective if they did not drink
What’s the 3rd reason for prohibition
Germans immigrants ruled the drink industry and xenophobia grew stopping people from drinking
Why didn’t it work
People ignored it
200k speakeasy
Not enough officers
Moonshine (self made alc)
Easy to smuggle due to size
What negatives did prohibition bring
Increase in organised crime due to corrupt politicians letting them run speakeasy
When did prohibition end
When Roosevelt came in to power in 1933
Why was immigration to America difficult
If found that you have any discrepancy with health - denied
Ticket cost life savings
Take literacy test
How many people emigrated in early America
40 mil between 1850-1914
What was Ellis island
Immigration station where all immigrant boats come in
Push factors for America
Lack of space
Lack of opportunity
Persecution
Poverty
Pull factors for America
Land
Opportunity
Pay and conditions
American dream
What did immigration cause
Increase in prejudice and fears of communism
What was 1917 immigration act
Anyone over 16 who could not speak a sentence of 40 words was banned
What was 1921 quota act
Capped immigrants at 350k a year
Only 3% of people from the already existing population of people from your country in America is allowed to enter
What is 1924 national origins act
3% to 2% and basing the other factor in the amount of people in 1890
What is red scare
Era where an overplayed fear of communism caused by mass immigration led the government to arrest 6k people
What are reds
Communists
How did communist fear increase drastically
Alexander Mitchell palmer was a target of terrorist attackers from communist
What are anarchist
A group of people who don’t believe in a government and banks and systemic laws
Why are anarchists feared/problem
An anarchist by the name of Leon Franz czolgosz shot dead president McKinney
What are palmer raids
When 6k commies were put under arrest
What is a wet
Someone against prohibition
Was Herbert hoover rep or dem
Rep
When did hoover clbecome pres
1928
What is speculation and how did it effect Wall Street
People were borrowing money to buy stocks and return the money making a smaller profit. Seen as a form of gambling.
What did banks due for speculation
Lent 9 billion in 1929
What happened in 1929 due to speculation
There was less confidence in stocks therefore people sold causing the prices to go down. People lost money therefore couldn’t pay the bank back and the banks went rupt and couldn’t give people there savings as that’s what they were lending
How did overproduction effect the Wall Street crash
Factories were constantly producing loosing the market for the goods as those who could buy them already bought them.
What happened in the decade before to smaller banks
500 of them closed due to over lending
How much was spent on advertising in 1929
3 billion, however wages were lowering so people still didn’t have enough to buy
Why did foreign tarrifs have a say in the Wall Street crash
Europeans wages were low and there were tarrifs on buying from America to protect their own industries. This meant there was no way to sell products in America
Time line of Wall Street crash
March 1929- people are confident and shares proces are good
Sep 1929- a few cautious groups start to sell
24 oct- Black Thursday 13 million shares sold
26 Oct- 16 mil shares sold average price dropped 40c shareholders lose 8000 million
How did wstc effect factory workers
Factories were shut leaving people jobless this caused a knock on effect of people not buying from small businesses
Did people not in stocks effected
Indeed, banks lend people’s money
How much did the wage decrease after the wstc
60%
What is underconsumption
When rates of buying go down significantly
How many banks went rupt in 1930
1352
What happened to the people who banked with America
400k people lost everything
How much did Winston Churchill lose in the stock market
500k dollar
How were farmers effected by the wstc
Farmers were already suffering- but many had loans from banks for equipment and they were demanding money back from them
How many people unemployed by 1933
14mil = 25% of the labour force
What were the standard of living at the start of the great deppression
Production drop 45%
House building drop 80%
One family moved into cave in Central Park
1931- 238 people admitted to hospital for malnutrition
What was a breadline
Lines where people try to get meals
What were hobos
Unemployed workers travelling looking for work
What is a Hooverville
Where majority hobos moves to urban wastleands and didn’t have to pay a mortgage these camps had no proper toilets and cleaning facilities. They are called whovervilles to mock the president
What was the dust bowl
It was a drought combined with overfarming that caused huge storms of top soil to be flown. Farmers moved to other states in hopes of becoming a fruit farmer like Oregon and California
What did hoover do for the crash
$300m relieve fund-but only $30m actually reached people
$4000m on construction and the hoover dam-which remained incomplete
Gave £1500m in loans which did not reach people- rumoured bias on who got the money
Cut taxes and raised tarrifs
Blocked garner Wagner relief act
Veteran scandal- treatment of veterans
Hoovervilles symbolised his do nothing approach
What was veteran scandal
In 1932 ww1 veterans asked for promised bonus - senate refused
20k protested in White House
Veterans camped for 5 weeks for their bonuses of a total 2b
102 veterans arrested
This caused hoover to lose votes
What famous quote had hoover said
“There is no famine”
What are Roosevelt’s 3 rs/new deal
Relief
(Help for the old/sick/homeless)
Recovery
(Government schemes to provide better jobs)
Reform
(Make America a better place for ordinary people)
How much did Roosevelt win by
42/48 states landslide
When did Roosevelt come in
1933
How did Roosevelt stabilise the banks
Emergency banking act
Closed bank 5000 who weren’t sufficient enough.
The government then lent money to trusted banks
This was to gain the publics trust in the banks on e again
How did Roosevelt help the unemployed
Economy act (cut the pay of all government workers by 16%)
CCC (civilian conservation corp) this created jobs for 18-25 to do labour
Made 2.5m jobs
CWA (civil works administration) created work for 4m men building schools/aiports/road
FERA gave 500m to states to help homeless and starving people
How did Roosevelt help industry and workers
NRA encourages workers to create code for wage fair conditions and prices controlled right to join trade unions
HOLC gave loans to people struggling with mortgages
TVA made work building dams and electrical power stations
How did Roosevelt help farmers
FCA lent money to farmers in debt
AAA paid farmers to produce less and destroy produce to increase prices
What was Wagner act/ second act
Forced all employers to allow trade union
What was social security act
Part of the second new deal
Provided state pensions for elderly and partnered with state governments to help the ill and disabled
Black Americans in war
2 million black Americans worked in war home front
400k Americans migrate to north for work
Executive order 8802 stopped discrimination in jobs - by threatening removal of government contracts if they didn’t employ black Americans
Membership of NAACP increased from 50k to 450k
CORE pleas set up in 1942 by students
Black American in the war
1mil in army formed Jim Crow Army
Did menial jobs cooks cleaners etc
De segregation in the navy
By 1955 army switched from most segregated to most interfrated
How many black pilots were there
600
How many jobs were created for women due to the war
12m into 18.5 in 1945
What did the government survey say during the war
60% of industry managers said that women were the best workers
How were women still different to the men in ww2
Making 50~60% less in in jobs
How many women in military
300k
What were the women military departments called
WAC
WAVES
Nursing corp
Benefits from ww2
Business boosted
Farming boosted as exports to Europe
Helped solve unemployment
Increased wages- people saved instead of spent
How many people were unemployed after ww2
9.5m-670k
What is war bond
Money u gave gov and Yh why would give back after war
Red scare
Fear that Communism was taking over America that was brought by immigration. Over loyalty of America had to be shown
What is HUAC
House in America activities comittee
Investigated communists. Famous people investigated aswell
McCarthyism
Senator Joe mcarthy put suspected communists on trial over 1 million files held on suspected communists
Started to accuse members of military of communists
Investigated
What is blacklisted
People who were suspected communists lost their jobs and honour
How much does population go up after ww2 what does it cause
40m
Increase demand for goods
How was 1950s production similar to 1920
People started spending again and mass production started again
What was the segregation law called
Jim Crow law
It made black people separate but equal
What was brown vs board
Caused by girl having to travel 2 miles to get to black school when she lived near white school in 1952
1954 Supreme Court made schools should be desegregated
Kkk membership increase
When was Montgomery bus boycott and when did the law change
1955 - 56
How many people took part in boycott
17k
When and what was Little Rock high school
1957 9 black students go to Little Rock high school
Governor Faunus tried to stop them by telling the national guard but president Eisenhower calls them off and sends 1k troops to protect the kids
This happens for a year and televised
Causes complete segregated
What were women expected to do in 1950
Be housewife once again
When was average age of women for marriage in 1950
20
What happened in retaliation to march in Washington
Bomb in brum bombed 4 girls killed 1963
1964 civics right act
No government money for segregation companies
1965 voting rights act
Black American no longer stopped from voting or government would take action
When was interracial marriage made legal
1967
Fair housing act
Made illegal for black people to be discriminated when buying property
Who was betty Friedan
Wrote a book the feminine mystique which pushed idea of women being able to do what they want
Equal pay act
Equal pay for all not taken serious tho
Pros of new frontier
Peace corp was set up
Cut taxes
Gave grants to companies
Minimum wage increase
£4.9 billion dollars available for loans to improve housing, clear slum and build roads
Training schemes for unemployed
Cons of new frontier
New equipment meant fewer workers
Unemployment didn’t go down enough
Housing loans were only useful to those who could afford it
Did nothing for employment of black people
Pros of great society
Job corp
Increase min wage
Operation head start gave money onto poor schools
Major funding for schools
Domestic version of peace corps VISTA
Funding for arts and galleries
Cleaned inner city slums
Funded low income housing
Cons of great society
Vietnam war
Unemployment rising by 1968
