Boli infectioase - Toxiinfecti alimentare Flashcards

1
Q

Definiti toxiinfectiile alimentare

A
  • boli acute
  • sporadic / epidemic
  • consum de alimente intens contaminate cu variate bacterii si/sau toxinele acestora
  • clinic: gastroenterocolita acuta cu debut brutal si fenomene
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2
Q

Clasificati toxiinfectiile alimentare

A

TA provocate de bacterii care contin endotoxine

Intoxicatii alimentare (toxine preformate)

TA provocate de anumite bacterii cand sunt prezente in cantitate f mare in alimentul ingerat

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3
Q

Care este estiologia TA?

A
30- 60% Salmonella
    Shigella
    Stafilococi enterotoxici
    Clostridium botulinum
    Vibrio parahemohaemolyticus
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4
Q

Precizati rezistenta si multiplicarea stafilococului

A

Stafilococul rezista si se multiplica in branza sarata, alimente sarate

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5
Q

De unde provine clostridium botulinum si ce alimente poate contamina?

A

Provine din sol si poate contamina : zarzavaturi, legume si conserve

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6
Q

Toxiinfectiile alimentare lasa imunitate.

A/F?

A

F - NU lasa imunitate

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7
Q

De ce depinde patogenia TA?

A

calitatile patogenetice ale germenilor

cantitatea de germeni si de toxina preformata in aliment

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8
Q

Cum se manifesta tulburarile sigestive ale TA?

A

apar dupa 6 – 36 ore dupa ingestie
inflamatia mucoasei digestive
pierderi mari de apa si electroliti → SDA

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9
Q

In cate ore se incubeza TA cu salmonella?

A

12-36h

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10
Q

Ce modificari renale apar in TA cu salmonella?

A

Oligurii medii

Anurii severe

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11
Q

Care sunt modificarile SNC in TA?

A
cefalee
        ameteli
        somnolenta / agitatie
        meningism
        coma
        deces
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12
Q

Care este evolutia TA cu salmonella?

A

f usoare tablou initial alarmant, se normalizeaza in 2-4 zile
f severe: 10- 14 zile
f hipertoxice: deces in 48 ore

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13
Q

Care este evolutia TA cu salmonella?

A

f usoare tablou initial alarmant, se normalizeaza in 2-4 zile
f severe: 10- 14 zile
f hipertoxice: deces in 48 ore

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14
Q

Care este incubatie intoxicatiei cu stafilococ?

A

1-4h

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15
Q

Enterotoxina persista in alimentele gatite

A/F?

A

A

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16
Q

Care este sursa intoxicatiei stafilococice?

A

Purtator nazal

Infectii ale mainilor

17
Q

Care este evolutia intoxicatiei stafilococice?

A

f usoare / medii: 24- 48 ore
f severe: 4- 7 zile
colaps
semne neurologice

18
Q

Clostridium botulinum este un bacil strict anaerob.

A/F?

A

A

19
Q

Ce este exotoxina?

A

Una dintre substantele toxice cele mai puternice care se cunosc

20
Q

Cum se tranmite botulismul?

A

alimente contaminate (legume, carne, peste) – conserve
carne afumata
sunca preparata in casa
conserve de peste

21
Q

In cat timp se incubeaza botulismul?

A

12-36h

22
Q

Cum se manifesta botulismul?

A
Debut:    stare de rau
    uscaciunea mucoasei bucale
    paralizii oculare
    oftalmoplegie
    diplopie
    midriaza
    paralizii faringiene
    paralizii ale musc respiratorii
23
Q

Care este evolutia botulismului?

A

f severe: deces in 7- 10 zile

f medii / usoare: recuperare lenta

24
Q

Care este tratamentul botulismului?

A
primele simpt:    spalatura gastrica
                            clisma
                             purgativ
    NU antibiotice
    antitoxina botulinica