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3/4 Vet Health > Body systems for circulation and immunity (SAC 3) > Flashcards

Body systems for circulation and immunity (SAC 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Cardi/o-

A

Heart

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2
Q

Coron/o-

A

Heart

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3
Q

CV system-components

A

Heart

Blood vessels

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4
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Moves blood between the heart and tissues/organs of the body and back to the heart
Removes waste from tissues back to the heart via diff

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5
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Moves blood from heart to lungs and back to heart

Moves CO2 from heart to the lungs via diff

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6
Q

Angi/o-

A

Vessel

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7
Q

Aort/o-

A

Aorta

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8
Q

Ateri/o-

A

Artery

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9
Q

Arteriol/o-

A

Arteriole

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10
Q

Phleb/o-

A

Vein

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11
Q

Ven/o-

A

Vein

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12
Q

Venul/o-

A

Venule

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13
Q

-stenosis

A

Narrowing

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14
Q

-sclerosis

A

Hardening

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15
Q

Arteries-S and F

A

S- thick, muscular wall and small lumen
F- carry blood at a high pressure, carry blood away from the heart at a rapid rate, oxygenated blood except for pulmonary artery

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16
Q

Arterioles-S and F

A

S- branch of arteries (smaller) and further from heart

F-direct oxygenated blood from artery to capillary

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17
Q

Capillaries-S and F

A

S-single layer of smooth muscle cells (easy gaseous exchange)
F-diffusion of nutrients and waste between blood and tissue
Number of capillaries depend on the function of the tissue and individual’s fitness e.g. athlete has more

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18
Q

Venules-S and F

A

S- capillaries converge into venules which then converge into veins
F-direct deoxygenated blood from capillary to vein

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19
Q

Veins-S and F

A

S-thin, floppy walls and large lumen
F-carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart (except pulmonary vein), slow and even blood flow, low pressure
Contain one way valve-allow blood to go in one direction and prevent back flow

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20
Q

The Heart-structure

A
  • 4 chambers=2 atria and 2 ventricles
  • thoracic cavity
  • ventral
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21
Q

Layers of the heart wall

A
  • pericardium (outermost layer)= a fibrous sac that encapsulates the heart
  • myocardium (middle layer)= comprised of cardiac muscle, involuntary muscle and transmits electrical stimuli
  • endocardium (innermost layer)= lines the chambers and valves of the heart
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22
Q

Atria

A
  • upper chambers

- receive blood= deoxygenated from body to RV and oxygenated from lungs to LV

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23
Q

Ventricles

A
  • lower chambers

- expel/pump blood out= deoxygenated through PA to lungs and oxygenated through aorta to body

24
Q

Aorta-S and F

A

S-big artery from LV to body

F- carry oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body

25
Q

Superior and inferior vena cavas-S and F

A

S-biggest veins and empty blood into RA

F-empty deoxygenated blood into the heart RA from structures above/below diaphragm

26
Q

Pulmonary artery-S and F

A

S- away from RV to lungs

F- carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs

27
Q

Pulmonary vein-S and F

A

S-from lungs to LA

F-carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart

28
Q

Septum-S and F

A

S-muscular wall b/w L and R side

F-seperate L and R side of heart

29
Q

Bicuspid valve-S and F

A

S-2 and L side

F-prevent regurgitation of blood back into L atrium

30
Q

Tricuspid valve-S and F

A

S-3 and R side

F-prevents regurgitation of blood back into R atrium

31
Q

Semilunar valves-S and F

A

S-aortic and pulmonary valves

F-prevent reflux of blood back into ventricles

32
Q

Chordae tendinae-S and F

A

S-thick, strong fibrous chords that connect leaflets of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves to the papillary muscle
F-help regulate the opening and closing of valves

33
Q

Blood supply

A

L and R coronary blood vessels branch from the aorta and surround and supply the heart

34
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Reduced blood flow in coronary artery b/c:
-atherosclerosis
-occlusion= embolus (blocked BV e.g. from plaque) and thrombus (blood clot)
Irreversible damage b/c ischaemia or hypoxia

35
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Increased firing of SA node that increases HR

36
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Decreased firing of the SA node that decreases HR

37
Q

Cardiac conduction system

A
  1. SA node
  2. AV node
  3. Bundle of His
  4. Bundle branch
  5. Purkinje fibres
38
Q

SA node-S,L and F

A

S- collection of specialised/ pacemaker cells
L- upper wall of R atrium
F- generate electrical impulses that trigger atrial contraction

39
Q

AV node-S,L and F

A

S- small mass of neuromuscular tissue
L- wall of atrial septum and near tri valve
F- transmit electrical signals from the atria to the ventricles and ensure the atria are fully empty before the ventricle contracts

40
Q

Bundle of His-S,L and F

A

S-mass of fibres from the AV node
L-upper end of ventricular septum
F- transmits electrical impulses from the AV node to the Purkinjefibres to create a ventricular contraction

41
Q

Purkinje fibres-S,L and F

A

S-specialised conductive cells
L- myocardium of ventricular walls
F- ventricular contraction

42
Q

Cardiac output

A

SV x HR

The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle every min

43
Q

Stroke volume

A

The volume of blood expelled by each contraction of the ventricles

44
Q

Heart rate

A

Number of times the heart beats per min

45
Q

Atrial systole

A

Contraction of the atria

46
Q

Ventricular systole

A

Contraction of the ventricles

47
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation of both the atria and ventricles (blood flows into heart)

48
Q

Tachycardia

A

Abnormal condition of fast heart rate

49
Q

Bradycardia

A

Abnormal condition of slow heart rate

50
Q

Vital signs

A
  • body temp
  • pulse rate
  • resp rate
  • blood pressure
51
Q

Pulse rate

A

Number of times the heart beats per min

52
Q

Pulse

A

Bulge of an artery from waves of blood passing through the vessel each time the heart beats

53
Q

Superficial arteries

A
  • carotid=neck
  • radial=wrist
  • femoral=upper leg
  • popliteal=back of knee
  • dorsal/pedal=foot
54
Q

Pulse-strength

A

Force of the pulse (amount of blood forced into artery)

  • bounding=large amount of blood and strong pulse-caused by exercise, anxiety and alcohol consumption
  • weak=small amount of blood and weak pulse=weak, feeble, thready
  • strong=less than bounding but stronger than normal-shock and haemorrhage
55
Q

Pulse-rhythm

A

Evenness of beats (time between beats)

  • irregular= not have an even pattern-vary time between beats and strength
  • intermittent=strength does not vary greatly but a beat is skipped (regular or irregular intervals)
56
Q

Pulse oximeter

A
  • gives readings of HR and SpO2

- light through tissue-measure the amount of light absorbed by oxygen carrying haemoglobin

3/4 Vet Health (3 decks)

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