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Medical Coding & Billing > Body Systems (CMBC) > Flashcards

Body Systems (CMBC) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cells

A

building blocks of the body

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2
Q

integumentary system

A

includes skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nerve receptors

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3
Q

study of the skin

A

dermatology

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4
Q

dermatologists

A

doctors who study conditions of the skin

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5
Q

3 layers of the skin

A

epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue

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6
Q

functions of the skin

A

waterproofing, protecting, sensing, sythesizing vitamin D, secreting oil, regulating body temperature

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7
Q

pigments that contribute to skin color

A

melanin and carotene

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8
Q

acne vulgaris

A

chronic inflammatory disease caused by overproduction of sebum around the root of hair in the follicle
characterized by pustule eruptions

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8
Q

stages of hair growth

A

early anagen, anagen, catagen, and telogen

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9
Q

seborrhea

A

overactivity of the sebacous glands, when infected it is termed seborrheic dermatitis

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10
Q

seborrheic keratosis

A

benign skin growth, waxy in appearance, vary in color from light tan to black

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11
Q

myofibril

A

muscle fibers form by long, slender cells, grouped together by tough connective tissue

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12
Q

fascia

A

tough connective tissue that groups muscle cells together

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13
Q

endomysium

A

connective tissue, which surrounds individual muscle fibers and contains the vessels and nerves that supply the muscle fibers

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14
Q

perimysium

A

the sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fibers

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15
Q

epimysium

A

a sheath of fibrous elastic tissue surrounding a muscle, forms the tendon

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16
Q

sarcolemma

A

also called the myolemma, is the cell membrane surrounding a skeletal muscle fiber

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17
Q

fascicle

A

a bundle of structures, such as nerve or muscle fibers

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18
Q

3 kinds of muscle fibers

A

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

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19
Q

skeletal muscle fibers

A

form the skeletal muscles

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20
Q

cardiac muscle fibers

A

form the heart muscle, aka: myocardial muscle

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21
Q

smooth muscle fibers

A

form the smooth muscles of the body, typically seen in organs and blood vessels

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22
Q

tendons

A

attach muscles to bones

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23
Q

origin

A

the bone attachment point closest to the body at the immovable end

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24
Q

insertion

A

the bone attachment point at the movable end

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25
Q

fasciitis

A

inflammation of the fascia

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26
Q

fibromyalgia

A

chronic condition, fatigue, extreme weakness, pain of muscle, joints, and bone

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27
Q

tendonitis

A

inflammation of the tendon, caused by excessive or unusual use

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28
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome

A

disorder affecting many body systems, characterized by fatigue, extreme weakness, and pain in muscle, joints, and bone

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29
Q

muscle tone

A

state of balance of muscle tension through contraction and relaxation, impacts balance, posture, and movement

30
Q

atonic

A

lack of normal muslce tone and strength

31
Q

dystonia

A

abnormal muscle tone that interferes with normal muscle functions

32
Q

hypotonia

A

diminishing of skeletal muscles, limiting passive movement

33
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

chronic autoimmune disease affecting neuromuscular junction, the place where the neuron activates the muscle to contract

34
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

over use of the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel, becoming inflamed and swollen

35
Q

carpal tunnel

A

narrow passage through the bone in the inner side of the wrist area under the carpal ligament

36
Q

sprain

A

injury to a joint caused by a wrenching or tearing fo the ligament in the joint

37
Q

strain

A

injury to a muscle or the attached tendons usually associated with overuse, stretching, or tearing of the muscle or tendon

38
Q

tendonitis

A

inflammation of a specific tendon caused by overuse or severe stretching

39
Q

it band syndrome (ITBS)

A

casued by overuse whe the IT band (iliotibial band) rubs across the bone, often occurs near the knee

40
Q

shin splints

A

condition where the muscle tears away from the tibia or shin bone, typically due to repeated stress on hard surfaces such as running or jumping

41
Q

atrophy

A

wearing away of the muscle fibers due to disuse causing fatigue and weakness

42
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain and tenderness

43
Q

myolysis

A

degeneration or breakdown of the muscle tissue

44
Q

polymyositis

A

muscle disease causing inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in parts of the body, typically those closest to the trunk

45
Q

sarcopenia

A

loss of muscle mass, strength, and funtion that come with aging

46
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

group of over 30 genetic diseases causing progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles

47
Q

paralysis

A

loss of both sensation and voluntary muscle movement due to damage of the nerves controlling the muscles

48
Q

myoparesis

A

slight muscle paralysis or muscle weakness

49
Q

hemiparesis

A

slight muscle paralysis or muscle weaness occurring on only one side of the body

50
Q

hemiplegia

A

total paralysis on one side of the body

51
Q

paraplegia

A

complete paralysis of the lower part of the body and legs

52
Q

quadriplegia

A

complete paralysis of the upper and lower extremities and body

53
Q

compartment syndrome

A

compression of nerves and blood vessels caused by swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia separating groups of muscles

54
Q

overuse injuries

A

tissue injuries that do not have time to rest and heal

55
Q

skeletal system

A

made up of 206 bones
joined together with ligaments
work with muscles for movement

56
Q

axial skeletal system

A

composed of the bones of the skull, spinal column, hyoid bone, middle ear (ossicles), and bones of the rib cage

57
Q

appendicular skeletal system

A

the 126 bones of the upper and lower appendages

58
Q

spinal column

A

made up of vertebrae, protects the spinal nerves of the nervous system

59
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

C1-C7: first 7 vertebrae protecting the cervical spinal nerves of the neck

60
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

T1-T12: 12 vertebrae protecting the spinal nerves of the thorax

61
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

L1-L5: 5 vertebrae protecting the spinal nerves of the lumbar region

62
Q

sacrum

A

slightly curved triangular bony structure of the lower back, 5 vertebrae fused together

63
Q

coccyx

A

aka: tail bone, formed by 3 to 5 vertebrae fused together

64
Q

fibrous joints

A

inflexible layers of dense connective tissue holding the bones eightly together (joints of the skull are called sutures)

65
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

allow only slight movement and connect bones with cartilages

66
Q

synovial joints

A

where two bones connect for range of motion, contain a synovial capsule, synovial membrane, and synovial fluid for lubrication

67
Q

ball and socket joints

A

in the hips and shoulders

68
Q

hinge joints

A

at the knees and elbows

69
Q

ligaments

A

connect bone to bone or join cartilage to bone

70
Q

bursa

A

fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas where there is a lot of friction

71
Q

endocrine system

A

produces hormones what maintain homeostasis in the body

72
Q
A

Medical Coding & Billing (3 decks)

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