body systems

Question 1

digestion

Answer 1

the breaking down of food so that the nutrients it contains can be absorbed into your blood and carried to each cell in your body.

Question 2

mechanical digestion

Answer 2

digestion that uses physical factors such as chewing with the teeth

Question 3

chemical digestion

Answer 3

the chemical reactions changing food into simpler substances that are absorbed into the bloodstream for use in other parts of the body

Question 4

alimentary canal

Answer 4

the passage from the mouth to the anus. Digestion of food occurs as it moves through the canal.

Question 5

enzymes

Answer 5

special chemicals that speed up reactions but are themselves not used up in the reaction

Question 6

saliva

Answer 6

a watery substance in the mouth that moistens food before swallowing

Question 7

salivary glands

Answer 7

glands in the mouth that produce saliva

Question 8

bolus

Answer 8

round, chewed-up ball of food made in the mouth that makes swallowing easier

Question 9

oesophagus

Answer 9

part of the digestive system composed of a tube connecting the mouth with the stomach

Question 10

peristalsis

Answer 10

the process of pushing food along the oesophagus or small intestine by the action of muscles

Question 11

oxygen

Answer 11

a gas in the air (and water) that animals need to breathe in

Question 12

cellular respiration

Answer 12

the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.

Question 13

glucose

Answer 13

a gas in the air produced by respiration and used by plants as part of photosynthesis.

Question 14

carbon dioxide

Answer 14

a gas in the air produced by respiration and used by plants as part of photosynthesis.

Question 15

epiglottis

Answer 15

leaf-like flap of cartilage behind the tongue that closes the air passage during swallowing

Question 16

respiratory system

Answer 16

he body system involving the lungs and associated structures, which take in air and supply the blood with oxygen to deliver to the body’s cells so they can carry out their essential functions; it also performs gas exchange to remove the waste gas carbon dioxide

Question 17

trachea

Answer 17

narrow tube from the mouth to the lungs through which air moves

Question 18

lungs

Answer 18

the organ for breathing air. Gas exchange occurs in the lungs.

Question 19

bronchi

Answer 19

the narrow tubes through which air passes from the trachea to the smaller bronchioles and alveoli in the respiratory system.

Question 20

bronchiole

Answer 20

mall branching tubes in the lungs leading from the two larger bronchi to the alveoli

Question 21

alveoli

Answer 21

tiny air sacs in the lungs at the ends of the narrowest tubes. Oxygen moves from alveoli into the surrounding blood vessels, in exchange for carbon dioxide.

Question 22

pulmonary vein

Answer 22

the vessel through which oxygenated blood travels from your lungs to the heart

Question 23

aorta

Answer 23

a large artery through which oxygenated blood is pumped at high pressure from the left ventricle of the heart to the body

Question 24

diaphragm

Answer 24

flexible, dome-shaped, muscular layer separating the chest and the abdomen. It is involved in breathing.

Question 25

vital capacity

Answer 25

the largest volume of air that can be breathed in or out at one time

Question 26

breathing

Answer 26

movement of muscles in the chest causing air to enter the lungs and the altered air in the lungs to leave. The air entering the lungs contains more oxygen and less carbon dioxide than the air leaving the lungs.

Question 27

asthma

Answer 27

narrowing of the air pipes that join the mouth and nose to the lungs

Question 28

carcinogens

Answer 28

chemicals that cause cancer

Question 29

emphysema

Answer 29

condition in which the air sacs in the lungs break open and join together, reducing the amount of oxygen taken in and carbon dioxide removed