Body Systems

Question 1

digestion

Answer 1

breakdown of food into a form that can be used by an animal. It includes both mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.

Question 2

mechanical digestion

Answer 2

digestion that uses physical factors such as chewing with the teeth

Question 3

chemical digestion

Answer 3

the chemical reactions changing food into simpler substances that are absorbed into the bloodstream for use in other parts of the body

Question 4

alimentary canal

Answer 4

the passage from the mouth to the anus. Digestion of food occurs as it moves through the canal.

Question 5

enzymes

Answer 5

special chemicals that speed up reactions but are themselves not used up in the reaction

Question 6

saliva

Answer 6

watery substance in the mouth that moistens food before swallowing

Question 7

oesophagus

Answer 7

part of the digestive system composed of a tube connecting the mouth with the stomach

Question 8

villi

Answer 8

tiny finger-like projections from the wall of the intestine that maximise the surface area of the structure to increase the efficiency of nutrient absorption. Singular = villus.

Question 9

cellular respiration

Answer 9

the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.

Question 10

asthma

Answer 10

narrowing of the air pipes that join the mouth and nose to the lungs

Question 11

carcinogens

Answer 11

carcinogens chemicals that cause cancer

Question 12

emphysema

Answer 12

emphysema condition in which the air sacs in the lungs break open and join together, reducing the amount of oxygen taken in and carbon dioxide removed

Question 13

glucose

Answer 13

glucose a simple carbohydrate and the simplest form of sugar

Question 14

respiratory system

Answer 14

respiratory system the body system involving the lungs and associated structures, which take in air and supply the blood with oxygen to deliver to the body’s cells so they can carry out their essential functions; it also performs gas exchange to remove the waste gas carbon dioxide

Question 15

trachea

Answer 15

narrow tube from the mouth to the lungs through which air moves

Question 16

lungs

Answer 16

the organ for breathing air. Gas exchange occurs in the lungs.

Question 17

bronchi

Answer 17

the narrow tubes through which air passes from the trachea to the smaller bronchioles and alveoli in the respiratory system. Singular = bronchus.

Question 18

bronchioles

Answer 18

small branching tubes in the lungs leading from the two larger bronchi to the alveoli

Question 19

alveoli

Answer 19

tiny air sacs in the lungs at the ends of the narrowest tubes. Oxygen moves from alveoli into the surrounding blood vessels, in exchange for carbon dioxide.

Question 20

pulmonary vein

Answer 20

the vessel through which oxygenated blood travels from your lungs to the heart

Question 21

aorta

Answer 21

a large artery through which oxygenated blood is pumped at high pressure from the left ventricle of the heart to the body

Question 22

arterioles

Answer 22

vessels that transport oxygenated blood from the arteries to the capillaries

Question 23

pulmonary artery

Answer 23

the vessel through which deoxygenated blood, carrying wastes from respiration, travels from the heart to the lungs

Question 24

diaphragm

Answer 24

flexible, dome-shaped, muscular layer separating the chest and the abdomen. It is involved in breathing.

Question 25

vital capacity

Answer 25

the largest volume of air that can be breathed in or out at one time

Question 26

breathing

Answer 26

movement of muscles in the chest causing air to enter the lungs and the altered air in the lungs to leave. The air entering the lungs contains more oxygen and less carbon dioxide than the air leaving the lungs.