Body Systems

Question 1

What is meant by the “Digestive system”?

Answer 1

The organ system in mammals which allows food to be broken down chemically for use within the body.

Question 2

What is meant by the “Oesophagus”?

Answer 2

A muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach.

Question 3

What is meant by “Peristalsis”?

Answer 3

A wave of muscle contractions running along the walls of the Oesophagus, pushing food down into the stomach.

Question 4

What is meant by the “Stomach”?

Answer 4

A muscular ‘bag’ in the abdomen contain digestive juices and acid. In the stomach, food is mixed with stomach acid, killing microorganisms and starting the breakdown process.

Question 5

What is meant by the “Small intestine”?

Answer 5

A muscular tube connecting the stomach to the large intestine. Digested food is absorbed into the bloodstream here.

Question 6

What is meant by the “Large intestine”?

Answer 6

A muscular tube connecting the small intestine to the rectum. Water is absorbed into the bloodstream here.

Question 7

What is meant by “Digestion”?

Answer 7

The chemical process of breaking down large insoluble food molecules into small soluble molecules.

Question 8

What is the function of “Carbohydrates” in the body?

Answer 8

Provides energy to the cells.

Question 9

What is the function of “Protein” in the body?

Answer 9

Used for growth and repair. Builds new tissue, antibodies, enzymes, hormones and other compounds.

Question 10

What is the function of “Fat” in the body?

Answer 10

Provides a long-term store of energy.

Question 11

What are “Carbohydrates” broken down into during digestion?

Answer 11

Simple sugars.

Question 12

What are “Proteins” broken down into during digestion?

Answer 12

Amino Acids.

Question 13

What are “Fats” broken down into during digestion?

Answer 13

Fatty acid and glycerol.

Question 14

What is the role of an “Enzyme” in digestion?

Answer 14

To break down large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules. Enzymes are not used up in the reaction and go on to break down further molecules.

Question 15

What is meant by a “Microorganism”?

Answer 15

A living thing that can only be seen using a microscope.

Question 16

What are the 4 main groups of microorganism?

Answer 16

1. Bacteria
2. Viruses
3. Fungi
4. Protists

Question 17

What is meant by a “Disease”?

Answer 17

A condition that makes someone or something (like an animal or plant) unhealthy or sick, often interfering with how their body works. Diseases are caused by microrgranisms.

Question 18

Give an example of a disease caused by Bacteria.

Answer 18

1. Food Poisoning
2. Cholera
3. Typhoid
4. Pneumonia

Question 19

Give an example of a disease caused by Viruses.

Answer 19

1. Flu
2. Measles
3. Mumps
4. HIV and AIDS
5. Chicken Pox

Question 20

Give an example of a disease caused by Fungi.

Answer 20

1. Athlete’s Foot
2. Ringworm
3. Thrush
4. Fungal Nail Infection

Question 21

Give an example of a disease caused by Protists.

Answer 21

1. Malaria
2. Giardiasis
3. Sleeping Sickness

Question 22

How can disease be spread through the air?

Answer 22

Coughing or sneezing can release millions of microorganisms into the air, which can then enter another person.

Question 23

How can disease be spread through food or water?

Answer 23

Microorganisms enter the body when contaminated food or drink are consumed.

Question 24

How can disease be spread by Animals?

Answer 24

Animals can spread microrganisms through their droppings, by contact or by bites.

Question 25

What adaptions do humans have to prevent microorganisms from entering the body?

Answer 25

1. Skin - provides a barrier to the outside world. 2. Mucus and wax - traps microorganisms in sticky fluid which stops them from reaching the body's cells.

Question 26

Which body system protects the body from microorganisms?

Answer 26

The Immune system.

Question 27

Which cells in the blood form part of the immune system?

Answer 27

White blood cells.

Question 28

How to white blood cell identify that a microgranism is not part of the body?

Answer 28

By indentifying chemicals on the outside of cells known as antigens.

Question 29

How is a "Phagocyte" specialised to fight infections?

Answer 29

The cell can change shape to engulf microorganisms, which are then digested. This process is known as Phagocytosis.

Question 30

How is a "Lymphocyte" specialised to fight infections?

Answer 30

The cell creates antibodies.

Question 31

What is meant by an "Antibody"?

Answer 31

A chemical which will target for destruction only one type of microorganism and no other. Antibodies are the reason that we develop immunity to an infection.

Question 32

How does a "Vacccine" protect the body from disease?

Answer 32

A Vaccine uses a weakened or dead version of a microorganism to 'teach' the immune system how to make antibodies for a microorganism that it has not been exposed to previously, without making the person ill.