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Science '24 > Body Systems > Flashcards

Body Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

(3.1) Where does digestion take place?

A

The digestive system

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2
Q

(3.1) What does the digestive system consist of?

A

The digestive tract (the pathway the food takes takes via a series of organs) and organs that help with digestion but are not part of the digestive tract, producing chemicals for digestion (e.g. pancreas and gall bladder)

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3
Q

(3.1) What is the name for food rolled into balls and what is this system called?

A

The balls are known as bolus and the process is known as peristalsis

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4
Q

(3.1) What is chemical digestion?

A

When enzymes break down food (e.g. amylases break starch down into glucose)

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5
Q

(3.1) What is mechanical digestion?

A

Mechanical digestion is digestion by mechanical means (e.g. the crushing of food in the mouth into smaller pieces and the mixing of food in the stomach)

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6
Q

(3.1) What parts of the digestive system do what?

A

Digestion: Stomach
Absorption: Small intestine, villi
Waste: Large intestine

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7
Q

(3.1) How do molecules absorb in absorption?

A

Large molecule to small molecules

Carbs to glucose
Fats to fatty acids
Proteins to amino acids

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8
Q

(3.2) What is respiration?

A

Respiration is a series of chemical reactions to release energy from glucose in cells

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9
Q

(3.2) What is the waste of burning glucose?

A

Carbon dioxide

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10
Q

(3.2) What is breathing?

A

Breathing is the process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide inside and outside the body

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11
Q

(3.2) What is the difference between breathing and respiration?

A

Respiration is the exchange of gases at a cellular level whilst breathing is throughout the body, inside and out.

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12
Q

(3.2) What is the path of the respiratory system?

A

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli

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13
Q

(3.3) What is the circulatory system?

A

The circulatory system is a transport system that transports nutrients (fats, carbs and proteins) and oxygen to cells and transports wastes (carbon dioxide) away from cells. It also transports heat throughout the body.

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14
Q

(3.3) What are the parts of the circulatory system?

A

The heart, the blood and blood vessels.

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15
Q

(3.3) What are the three types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries, capillaries and veins.

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16
Q

(3.3) What do arteries do?

A

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. They are elastic and muscular to carry blood at a high pressure.

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17
Q

(3.3) What are pulmonary arteries?

A

Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the heart, instead of away from it.

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18
Q

(3.3) What are capillaries?

A

Capillaries are a fine network of one-cell blood vessels which carry blood to and from cells. The exchange of nutrients and gases occurs inside capillaries.

19
Q

(3.3) What are veins?

A

Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. They have valves to stop the blood from flowing backwards.

20
Q

(3.3) What do red blood cells do?

A

Red blood cells (red from the bonding of oxygen and haemoglobin) carry oxygen and carbon dioxide.

21
Q

(3.3) What do white blood cells do?

A

White blood cells are part of the immune system. They fight infections.

22
Q

(3.3) What do platelets do?

A

Help clot blood. Clots stop us bleeding out.

23
Q

(3.3) What is plasma?

A

Plasma, a yellowish liquid containing water, nutrients and wastes, constitutes the vast majority of the blood.

24
Q

(3.4) What is defecation?

A

Defecation is the process of concentrating wastes into solids by removing water.

25
Q

(3.4) What is urea?

A

Urea is the product (waste) of the digestion of Amino acids.

26
Q

(3.4) What do the kidneys do?

A

The kidneys filter toxins from the blood to make urine.

27
Q

(3.4) What are the parts of a kidney to produce urine?

A

Kidney artery (brings oxygenated blood to the kidney), kidney vein (takes deoxygenated blood from the kidney), glomerulus (filters the wastes/toxins from the blood), ureter (removes urine to the bladder), bladder (holds the urine) and urethra (drains urine out of the body).

28
Q

(3.4) What does high blood pressure do to the kidney?

A

Damages the kidney artery so filtration does not occur

29
Q

(3.4) What are kidney stones?

A

Hard crystals which accumulate in the kidney

30
Q

(3.4) What do infections do the kidney?

A

Bacteria infects the tubes of the bladder and ureter.

31
Q

(3.5) What is the axial skeleton?

A

The axial skeleton is the bones in the centre of the body, the skull, the vertebrae and the ribs.

32
Q

(3.5) What is the appendicular skeleton?

A

The appendicular skeleton includes the arms, the pelvis, the shoulders, the legs and the feet.

33
Q

(3.5) What are the types of connective tissue?

A

Ligaments (prevent the bone joints from moving too far), tendons (connects muscles to bone) and cartilage (a smooth and slippery material that acts as a shock absorber to protect joints and bones)

34
Q

(3.5) What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A

The skeletal system supports all soft tissues (e.g. skin) and protects organs (e.g. ribs protect heart and lungs).

35
Q

(3.5) What are bones made of and what do they do?

A

Bones are composed of calcium minerals and slightly elastic, with the purpose of protecting the body.

36
Q

(3.5) What are the two types of bones?

A

Compact (strong, dense and heavy) and spongey (light and jelly-like, where bone marrow is situated).

37
Q

(3.5) What is bone marrow?

A

Bone marrow is a spongey substance found in the centre of bones.

38
Q

(3.5) What are muscles and what do they do?

A

Muscles are tissues that are able to contract and stretch. They move bones and work in antagonistic pairs.

39
Q

(3.5) What is a joint and what does it do?

A

A joint is where two or more bones comes together. They protect your bones from wear.

40
Q

(3.5) What are the types of joints?

A

The types of joints are ball and socket (shoulder), pivot (skull), hinge (elbow) and ellipsoidal (wrist bones).

41
Q

(3.5) What do joints have to protect the bones from wear?

A

Cartilage (a smooth and slippery material that acts as a shock absorber to protect joints and bones) and synovial fluid (fluid which lubricates the joints).

42
Q

(7.3/3.2) What is the word equation for respiration?

A

Glucose + oxygen (produces energy/ATP) = carbon dioxide + water vapour

43
Q

How many bones in the adult human body?

A

206

44
Q

How many muscles in the human body?

A

About 600

Science '24 (3 decks)

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