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Science term 4 yr 8 > Body systems > Flashcards

Body systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A group of the same type of cell that work together to do a specific job in the body.

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2
Q

What is an organ?

A

An organ is a structure that contains at least 2 different types of tissue that work together to complete a task.

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3
Q

What does the digestive system do?

A

Breaks down food which have complex chemicals into a simple, soluble chemical that your cells can use for nutrients.

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4
Q

What is digestion?

A

Is the process of breaking down food into a useable form and making the nutrients available.

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5
Q

What are the 2 different types of digestion?

A

Mechanical and chemical digestion.

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6
Q

What is mechanical digestion

A

Is when food is broken down into smaller pieces .( no new substances are formed)

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7
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

It’s when the large complex substances in the food are broken up and produce simpler smaller chemicals. (New substances are formed)

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8
Q

What are the 4 types of teeth?

A

Incisors, canines, premolars and molars.

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9
Q

What is the process when you chew food?

A

The incisors bite off small pieces of food, which the tongue pushes back to the molars and premolars. They grind the food into smaller pieces while chewing.

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10
Q

What is saliva?

A

A clear liquid in the mouth that moistens food, making it slippery and easy to swallow. They can digest starch, a complex sugar, into glucose, a simple sugar.

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11
Q

What is the oesophagus?

A

A tube that connects the throat to the stomach, moving food down with contractions known as peristalsis.

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12
Q

What is a sphincter?

A

A circular muscle that opens and closes to control a passage between the oesophagus and stomach.

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13
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Involuntary muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

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14
Q

What is the stomach?

A

A bag shaped organ that stores food and mixes it with gastric juice that break the food down.

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15
Q

What causes gargling noises in the stomach?

A

The stomachs muscular walls contract and relax to churn the food, causing gargling noises.

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16
Q

What is gastric juice?

A

A digestive fluid that helps break down food.

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17
Q

What do gastric juices contain?

A

-Hydrochloric acid, kills bacteria in food
-Mucus, to protect the stomach lining
-Digestive juices, breaking down proteins in meats.

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18
Q

What is the small intestine?

A

A long tube where digestion and nutrient absorption occur.

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19
Q

What is the digestive tract?

A

The pathway food travels through, from the mouth to the anus, where it’s processed and nutrients are absorbed.

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20
Q

what is the duodenum?

A

The first part of the small intestine where digestion occurs, with tubes from the pancreas and liver delivering essential chemicals for digestion.

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21
Q

What is the pancreas?

A

Not part of the digestive tract, it produces pancreatic juice that digests carbs, fats, and proteins.

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22
Q

What is bile?

A

A greenish liquid responsible for mechanical digestion of fats. It breaks down large pieces of fat to digest easier.

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23
Q

What does the liver do?

A

The liver processes nutrients, removes toxins, makes bile for digestion, and helps control metabolism.

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24
Q

What is villi?

A

Microscopic ‘fingers’ that increase the surface area of the intestine wall where nutrients is absorbed more efficiently.

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25
What is the ileum
The last part of the small intestine that absorbs nutrients and connects to the large intestine.
26
What are the nutrients that pass from the small intestine?
-fatty acids and glycerol -amino acids -glucose
27
What is the large intestine?
The last part of the digestive system, absorbing water and salts, forming waste for excretion. (from the anus)
28
What is vomiting?
A quick way of getting rid of unwanted bacteria in the digestive tract. Due to stress or infection.
29
What is diarrhoea?
Another way of getting rid of harmful bacteria or viruses. Diarrhoea will cause dehydration as the faeces are loose.
30
What is heartburn?
A burning sensation in the chest caused by stomach acid rising into the oesophagus from peristalsis.
31
What is the appendix and appendicitis?
The appendix is a pouch connected to the large intestine; if blocked, it can become inflamed and burst.
32
What is respiration?
Refers to the series of chemical changes that take place in cells to release energy. (for humans and animals, respiration is breathing)
33
What is the respiratory system?
The system of organs and tissues that take oxygen into the body and make the oxygen available to the cells.
34
What does the respiratory system do?
Takes in air and extracts oxygen from it. It lets oxygen enter our bloodstream for delivery to cells.
35
What is cilia?
Tiny hairs on the nose capture dust particles with mucus, which then move to the back of the nose and is swallowed down the pharynx.
36
What is the trachea?
A tube that connects the throat to the lungs, allowing air to pass in and out during breathing. (wind pipe)
37
What is the bronchi?
The trachea divides into 2 bronchi (singular). They are large air passages that branch from the trachea into the lungs.
38
What is the alveoli?
Tiny air sacks in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur.
39
What is the bronchioles?
Even smaller tubes divided from the bronchi.
40
What is the process of gas exchange?
Gas exchange occurs when oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out.
41
What do your muscles do when you breath?
When you breathe in, rib muscles contract to lift the rib cage up and out. The diaphragm then contracts and flattens.
42
What is the diaphragm?
A sheet of muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen.
43
When does respiration begin?
Respiration begins once the oxygen and glucose are together in the cells, where the 2 chemicals react together.
44
What is the circulatory system?
The circulatory system is a network of the heart and blood vessels that transports nutrients and oxygen around the body.
45
What is the respiratory tract?
The respiratory tract is the pathway air travels through from the nose or mouth to the lungs for gas exchange.
46
What are the 3 types of blood vessels?
-Arteries -Veins -Capillaries
47
What do arteries do?
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and can spurt under pressure if cut.
48
What is your pulse?
The constant expansion and contraction of the arteries in response to your heartbeat.
49
What are capillaries?
As arteries branch into smaller and smaller blood vessels, they become very fine, called capillaries.
50
What do veins do?
Veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart with muscle contractions and valves.
51
How are bruises formed?
When you bump yourself hard, tiny capillaries burst and leak blood into the tissue, causing a bruise that changes colour as it heals.
52
What is the heart?
The heart is a muscle that pumps blood around the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients while removing waste.
53
What is a cardiac muscle?
Cardiac muscles are found only in the heart and works continuously in response to signals from the pacemaker.
54
What is oxygenated blood?
The blood rich in oxygen.
55
What is deoxygenated blood?
Blood rich carbon dioxide
56
What are the 3 main phases of a heartbeat?
Atria push blood into ventricles, which is sent to the body, while muscles relax to refill the atria.
57
What is angina/heart attackish?
A lack of oxygen to the heart muscle that can cause severe chest pains.
58
What is plaque made up of?
Calcium, cholesterol and fibrin.
59
What does blood do?
It carries oxygen, nutrients and water to the cells while carrying away waste. It also maintains your body temperature.
60
What is blood made up of?
Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma.
61
What are red blood cells?
Red blood cells are made in bone marrow, contain haemoglobin for their red colour and carry oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin.
62
What do platelets do?
Platelets prevent and stop bleeding. Too few cause bleeding, while too many can lead to clots, causing heart attacks or strokes.
63
What are white blood cells?
White blood cells are part of the immune system that helps fight disease.
64
What is plasma?
Plasma is a yellowish liquid, 90% water, While the 10% contains nutrients, waste, suspended blood cells and platelets.
65
What is defecation?
The process of getting rid of solid waste from your body.
66
What is faeces?
Undigested material that your body has not been able to use.
67
What is excretion?
Getting rid of waste your body has produced.
68
What are lungs?
The organ that helps you breathe by taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide and water.
69
What is urea?
A waste product when proteins are broken down.
70
How does sweating help regulate body heat?
Releases excess heat through the skin.
71
What are kidneys?
The kidneys are vital organs that filter blood, excrete urea, regulate water levels and control salt levels in blood.
72
What is urine?
Urine is waste material that has been filtered out of the blood by kidneys.
73
What are ureters?
Tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
74
What is the urinary tract?
Together, the kidneys, bladder, urethra and ureters is the urinary tract.
75
What is the bladder?
A muscular sac that stores urine until it is excreted from the body.
76
What is the urethra?
The tube that carries urine to the outside of the body.
77
How do kidney stones form?
Kidney stones form when chemicals in urine create hard crystals, blocking kidney tubes and causing pain.
78
What are is a kidney disease and what causes it?
Kidney disease is when kidneys lose function, often due to diabetes, high blood pressure, or infections.
79
What is the common cause of urinary tract infections?
Most urinary tract infections are caused by bacteria from the digestive tract, often entering through the urethra.
80
What is the skeleton?
your bodies frame, made up of bones.
81
What are the 3 functions of the bone?
-supports the tissue -protect vital organs. (axial skeleton) -allows movement. (appendicular skeleton)
82
What is the axial skeleton?
The axial skeleton protects vital organs and consists of 80 bones like the skull, vertebrae and ribs.
83
What is the appendicular skeleton?
The appendicular skeleton allows movement and consists of 126 bone like the bones in you arms and legs.
84
What are the 2 different forms of bone tissue?
-Compact bone, the dense outer layer that provides strength to bones. -Spongy bone, light yet strong, containing bone marrow that makes blood cells.
85
What is the bone shaft?
The central part of long bones with a cavity for bone marrow and blood vessels.
86
What is a joint?
A place in the body where 2 bones come together and allow movement.
87
What do joints have to protect you bones from wear?
-Cartilage, cushioning moving bone ends. -Synovial fluid, lubricating bone ends for smooth movement
88
What are the 4 types of joints?
-Hinge joint -Ball and socket joint -Pivot joint - Saddle joint
89
What is a hinge joint?
A joint that only allows back-and-forth movement, like a door hinge.
90
What is a ball and socket joint?
A joint where a round bone end fits into a cup-shaped socket, allowing for all types of movements.
91
What is a pivot joint?
A joint that lets one bone rotate around another, allowing head movement at the base of the skull.
92
What is a saddle joint?
A saddle joint allows movement in 2 directions but doesn't allow the same amount of movement as a ball and socket joint.
93
What is a ligament?
Ligaments are bands of tough flexible tissue that hold the bones in a joint together.
94
What is a muscle?
Muscles are tissues that are able to contract(shorten) and be stretched.
95
What is a tendon?
Tendons are tissues that attach muscle to bones and hold the muscles in position.
96
What are antagonistic pairs?
Muscle pairs that work against each other through contraction and relaxation, like biceps and triceps.

Science term 4 yr 8 (3 decks)

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