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Medical Termonolg Levi > Body Structure Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Body Structure Chapter 4 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Chromatin

A

Structural component of the nucleus,composed of nucleic acids and proteins.

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2
Q

Chromosome

A

Threadlike structures within the nucleus composed of DNA that carries hereditary information encoded in genes.

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3
Q

DNA

A

Molecule that holds genetic information capable of replicating and producing an exact copy whenever the cell divides

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4
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism

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5
Q

Organelle

A

Cellular structure that provides a specialized function, such as the nucleus, ribosomes, lysosomes, ect.

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6
Q

Hist/o

A

Tissues

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7
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers surfaces of organs, eg epidermis or outer layer of skin

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8
Q

Connective tissue

A

Supports and connects other body tissues eg. cartilage, fat, blood, and bones

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9
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Contractile tissue, responsible for movement

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10
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Transmits electrical impulses as it relays information throughout the body

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11
Q

Coronal plane

A

Frontal, divides into anterior and posterior.

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12
Q

Transverse plane

A

Horizontal, top and bottom sections

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13
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

Left and right

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14
Q

Abduction

A

Away from the midsagittal plane

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15
Q

Adduction

A

Towards the midsagittal plane

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16
Q

Medial

A

Pertaining to the midline of the body

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17
Q

Lateral

A

Pertaining to a side

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18
Q

Superior (cephalad)

A

Above

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19
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

Below

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20
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to the center

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21
Q

Distal

A

Further from the center

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22
Q

Anter/o

A

Front

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23
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

Back

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24
Q

Parietal

A

Pertaining to the outer wall of the body cavity

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25
Q

Visceral

A

Pertaining to internal organs

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26
Q

Prone

A

Lying face down

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27
Q

Supine

A

Lying face up

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28
Q

Inversion

A

Turning inward

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29
Q

Eversion

A

Turning outward

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30
Q

Palmar

A

Pertaining to the palm of the hand

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31
Q

Plantar

A

Pertaining to the sole of the foot

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32
Q

Superficial

A

Toward the surface of the body (external)

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33
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface of the body (internal)

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34
Q

Kary/o or nucle/o

A

Nucleus

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35
Q

Caud/o

A

Tail

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36
Q

Cephal/o

A

Head

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37
Q

Dist/o

A

Far

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38
Q

Dors/o

A

Back of the body

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39
Q

Infer/o

A

Lower

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40
Q

Later/o

A

Side

41
Q

Medi/o

A

Middle

42
Q

Poster/o

A

Back, behind

43
Q

Proxim/o

A

Near

44
Q

Ventr/o

A

Belly, belly side

45
Q

Albin/o

A

White

46
Q

Leuk/o

A

White (usually pertaining to blood)

47
Q

Chrom/o

A

Color

48
Q

Cirrh/o, Jaund/o, xanth/o

A

Yellow

49
Q

Cyan/o

A

Blue

50
Q

Erythr/o

A

Red

51
Q

Melan/o

A

Black

52
Q

Poli/o

A

Gray, gray matter( of the brain or spinal cord)

53
Q

Radi/o

A

Radiation, x-ray, radius (lower arm bone on thumb side)

54
Q

Tom/o

A

To cut

55
Q

Viscer/o

A

Internal organs

56
Q

Adhesion

A

Tissue held or bind together that are normally separate

57
Q

Edema

A

Abnormal Accumulation of fluid within tissue spaces as a result of disease or failure to drain fluid

58
Q

Febrile

A

Symptoms of fever

59
Q

Gangrene

A

Death and decay of soft tissue

60
Q

Hernia

A

Protrusion of an organ through the structure it’s normally in

61
Q

Information

A

Redness swelling heat and pain

62
Q

Mycosis

A

Fungal infection

63
Q

Perforation

A

Hole completely penetrates

64
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane that covers abdominal cavity

65
Q

Rupture

A

Breaking or bursting of an organ

66
Q

Septicemia

A

Bacterial infections of tissues that spreads to the blood. Also called blood poisoning.

67
Q

Suppuration

A

Forming puss

68
Q

Ausculation

A

Listening to the heart bowel and lungs with a stethoscope

69
Q

Palpation

A

Use of the hands to determine size structure and other things about the structure or body part

70
Q

Percussion

A

Tapping a body structure with hands to assess consitency

71
Q

Endoscopy

A

An examination of a cavity with an endoscope

72
Q

CBC

A

Complete blood count determines anemia infections and other diseases

73
Q

Blood chemistry anyalisis

A

Determines biochemical imbalances

74
Q

CT

A

Computed tomography rotates an x ray and measures the intensity of the rays from different angles

75
Q

Fluoroscopy

A

X rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays internal structures in a continuous motion.

76
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic resonance imaging Uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field instead of x rays

77
Q

Nuclear scan

A

Radioactive material in the body and a specialized camera produces images of organs

78
Q

PET scan

A

Positron emission tomography records positrons emitted from a radiopharmecutical to produce an image of the metabolic activity to detect disease.

79
Q

Radiography

A

X rays are passed through the body and captured on film also called an x ray

80
Q

SPECT

A

Single photon emission computed tomography tracer injected into the blood stream and stays there. Helps to visualize blood flow through arteries a veins in the brain

81
Q

US

A

Ultrasonography ultrasounds are directed at soft tissue and reflected as echoes. also called ultrasound. No radiation

82
Q

Biopsy

A

Microscopic examination of a small piece of tissue to check for disease
Excisional = the whole thing removed
Incisional = only a small sample removed

83
Q

Ablation

A

Removal of a body part through chemical destruction freezing electrocautery or RF. Usually removes abnormal tissues

84
Q

Anastomosis

A

Surgical joining of two ducts to allow flow from one to the other

85
Q

Curettage

A

Scraping of a body cavity with a curette

86
Q

Electrocauterization

A

Electrical instrument to burn and destroy diseased tissue

87
Q

I&D

A

Incision and drainage, incision allows free flow of fluids and puss from a wound, body cavity, ect.

88
Q

Laser surgery

A

Removes diseased tisssue with a high intensity laser light beam

89
Q

Revision

A

Fix a botched surgery

90
Q

AP

A

Anteroposterior

91
Q

Bx

A

Biposy

92
Q

CBC

A

Complete blood count

93
Q

CT

A

Computed tomography

94
Q

Dx

A

Diagnosis

95
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

96
Q

LAT

A

Lateral

97
Q

Sx

A

Symptom

98
Q

Tx

A

Treatmnet

Medical Termonolg Levi (50 decks)

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