Body Sites (Urine) Flashcards
A microorganism responsible for causing infection or infectious disease
Etiologic agent
A person who harbors the etiologic agent but shows no apparent signs or symptoms of infection or disease
Carrier
The origin of the etiologic agent or location from which it disseminates (e.g., water, food, insects, animals, other humans)
Reservoir
Infections acquired as a result of a medical procedure
Health care–associated infection (HAI)
Infection for which the etiologic agent was acquired in a hospital or long-term health care center or facility
Nosocomial infection
Microorganisms that cause infections or disease
Pathogen
Organism’s ability to cause disease
Pathogenicity
Measure or degree of pathogenicity of an organism
Virulence
Characteristics that enable pathogens cause disease
Virulence factors
Organisms which cause infection when one or more of the host’s defense mechanisms are disrupted or malfunction
Opportunistic pathogens
Microorganisms that inhabit many surfaces of the human body
- Colonizers, Normal flora, and Transient microbiota
- Are collectively known as the….
Human microbiome
The persistent survival of microorganisms on a surface of the human body (with no clinical expression, no immune response)
Colonization
______ are able to survive, but do not multiply, on the surface and are frequently shed with the host cells.
Transient colonizers
______ not only survive but also thrive and multiply; their presence is more persistent.
Resident microbiota
The establishment of a long-lasting, mutually beneficial or harmless relationship between a colonizer and the human host
Possible role of colonizing organisms
The first step in the process for the development of infection and disease.
Possible role of colonizing organisms
Balance between the normal human microbiome and the appearance of a potentially infectious agent.
Host-pathogen relationship
Host factors + Environment + Virulence factor
Host-pathogen relationship
Among the most common bacterial infections that lead patients to seek medical care.
UTI
Who has a higher incidence of UTI?
Women
What factors make women more susceptible to UTIs?
- Short urethra in close proximity to perirectal region,
- Sexual intercourse ↑ contamination of the female urethra.
- Anatomic + hormonal changes favor the development of UTIs
What makes older men more susceptible to UTIs?
Enlarged prostate prevents bladder from emptying.