Body Regions Flashcards
What are the 2 body regions mentioned on the PPT?
- Head and Neck region
- Trunk (torso)
What body region houses the brain and major sense organ?
Head and neck region
What body region shows the central part of the body?
Trunk (torso)
The trunk has 2 sections. What are these?
Thorax and abdomen
What are the 3 regions of the upper extremities?
- Arm
- Forearm
- Hand
What are the 3 regions of lower extremities?
- Thigh
- Leg
- Foot
What are the 4 Main Anatomical Position?
- Supine position
- Prone position
- Right lateral recumbent
- Left lateral recumbent
Anatomical position where the body is lying flat instead of standing upright, with the same positioning of the limbs.
Supine position
Anatomical position where the body lies flat with the chest down and then back up.
Prone position
Anatomical position where the person is lying on his right side.
Right lateral recumbent (RLR)
Anatomical position where the person is lying on the left side.
Left lateral recumbent (LLR)
A vertical plane running from side to side dividing the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portions.
Coronal or Frontal Plane
A vertical plane running from front to back dividing the body or any of its parts into right and left sides.
Sagittal Plane or Lateral Plane
A horizontal plane which divides the body into cranial (head) upper and caudal (tail) lower portions.
Transverse Plane or Axial plane
Sagittal plane through the midline of the body dividing the body or any of its parts into right and left halves.
Median plane
It describe the positions of structures relative to other structures or locations in the body.
Directional terms
Above or towards the head.
Superior or cranial
Below or towards the lower part of the body.
Inferior or caudal
Towards the front of the body.
Anterior or ventral
Towards the back of the body.
Posterior or dorsal
Nearer to the center plane
Medial
Away from the center plane of the body
Lateral
Nearer to the center of the body (point of attachment).
Proximal
Farther from the center of the body (point of attachment)
Distal
2 Types of range of motions
- Active Range of Motions
- Passive Range of Motions
Type of range of movements where the limb is actively moved, with muscle contraction.
Active range of motions
Type of range of movements where the limb is passively moved, no muscle contraction.
Passive Range of motion
Decrease in the angle between circulating bones.
Flexion
Straightening a joint. There is increase in angle between circulating bones often to restore a part of the body to the anatomical position been flexed.
Extension
Moving a joint part normal, extension or continuation of extension beyond the anatomical position.
Hyperextension
Moving a joint away from the midline.
Example: Raising the arm to the side
Abduction
Moving a joint toward the midline.
Example: Lowering the arm to the side
Adduction
Moving a body part around its axis.
Example: Turning the head side to side
Rotation
Circular movement of a body part.
Example: Moving the arm in a circle.
Circumduction
Rotating the forearm so the palm faces upward.
Supination
Rotating the forearm so the palm faces downward.
Pronation
Bending of the foot at the ankle in the direction of dorsum.
Example: When you lift your toes off the ground while keeping your heel on the floor.
Dorsi flexion
Bending of the foot at the ankle joint in the direction of the planter.
Example: Pressing on a gas pedal.
Plantar flexion or palmer flexion
Turning the sole of the foot inward.
Inversion
Turning the sole of the foot outward.
Eversion
What are the range of movements for spinal column?
- Flexion
- Extension
- Lateral flexion
- Rotation
What are the range of movements for Shoulder girdle?
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Depression
- Elevation
What are the range of movements for elbow joint?
- Pronation
- Supination
- Flexion
What are the range of movements for Wrist joint?
- Flexion
- Extension
- Adduction
- Abduction
- Circumduction
What are the range of movements for Hip joint?
- Flexion
- Extension
- Adduction
- Abduction
- Lateral rotation
- Medial rotation
What are the range of movements for Knee joint?
- Flexion
- Extension
What are the range of movements for ankle joint?
- Inversion
- Eversion
- Dorsi flexion
- Plantar flexion