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Psych Exam 2 > Body Image > Flashcards

Body Image Flashcards

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1
Q

BMI

A

calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters

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2
Q

Youth BMI

A

age and sex-specific, called “BMI-for-age”

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3
Q

Obese youth are at greater risk for…

A

High blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, bone and joint problems, asthma, anxiety and depression, bullying

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4
Q

3 possibilities of how media influences wait

A
  1. sedentary behavior displaces physical activity
  2. the intake of nutritionally poor foods primarily occurs when using media
    3.advertisments for food leading to poor eating habits in youth, post viewing
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5
Q

Research on main meals while using media

A

Possibilities: Tv leads to poor eating habits, families that consume few healthy foods also ten to watch a lot of TV

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6
Q

Research on snacking while using media

A

Snacks are most likely to be consumed than other meals, viewing unhealthy snacks increased intake of both healthy and unhealthy snacks

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7
Q

Advertisements lead to poor eating

A

Children prefer food products that they have seen advertised on TV in comparison to those they have not, food consumption occurs after TV is turned off

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8
Q

Active Video Games=Exergames

A

require physical exertion to play

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9
Q

Benefits of Exergames

A

positive health effects equivalent to moderate exercise, encourage a more playful way of learning certain content

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10
Q

Obesity Stigma

A

the negative attitudes, stereotypes, and discriminatory behavior aimed at overweight people

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11
Q

Obese children are viewed as….

A

selfish, lazy, stupid, ugly, sloppy, unlikeable

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12
Q

Treatment of obses children in media

A

less likely to be preferred as playmates, higher levels of teasing and bullying

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13
Q

Effects of negative treatment due to obesity stigma

A

poor self-esteem, depression, overeating/binge eating, physical inactivity

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14
Q

Depiction of overweight characters

A

Cartoons= less intelligent, happy and loved, eating more junk food, more physically and verbally aggressive

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15
Q

National Campaigns to prevent obesity

A

posters coded for stigmatizing content- showed unhealth beverages or food, highlights overweight or obese person

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16
Q

Higher levels of media use are associated with:

A

characterizing obese youth in a negative manner, stating greater dislike of obese youth, having more negative attitudes towards obese children and adolescents

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17
Q

Strongest predictor of weight bias

A

image exposure

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18
Q

What is body image?

A

How you picture yourself in your mind, what you believe about your own appearance, how you feel IN your body not just ABOUT your body

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19
Q

Negative body images

A

distorted perception of your shape, feeling discomfort, shame, anxiety about your body

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20
Q

Positive body image

A

you see yourself as you really are AND you like yourself

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21
Q

Body image acorss development

A

50% experience body dissatisfaction, most prefer bodies thinner than their own, females more than males

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22
Q

Kids were asked if they wanted to switch different characters in candy land…

A

Those who originally picked thin characters were less willing to switch than those who originally picked obese characters

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23
Q

Majority of girls with ______ body image wish they were as skinny as the models, but girls that had _______ body image did not.

A

Negative, positive

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24
Q

Body representation in Disney animated films

A

Body weight- most characters were average or above-average
Characteristic of body types- thinness=attractiveness, large physiques=leadership

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25
Q

Fitspiration

A

images and videos designed to inspire viewers towards a “healthier” lifestyle

26
Q

fitspiration on instagram

A

No images portray thin males, but 75% female images

27
Q

Societal pressures to be thin or fit come from three sources

A

family, peers, and media

28
Q

Pressures lead to accepting the notion that…

A

to be beautiful one must be thin or fit

29
Q

Body dissatisfactions leads…

A

engaging in unhealthy behaviors

30
Q

Results of research about media and body image in early childhood

A

media exposure at age 3 was positively correlated at age 4 with stronger positive stereotypes related to thinness and greater dietary restraint

31
Q

Result of “Am I too Fat to Be a Princess?”

A

Kids asked to pick the one they would like to look the most like, and 82% said they could be a princess regardless of their weight

32
Q

For girls, watching TV shows and music videos lead to:

A

higher endorsement of the thin ideal, lower body satisfaction, restrained eating

33
Q

After watching clips body satisfaction was measures and the results were:

A

girls with higher levels of thin ideal internalization showed higher body satisfaction after exposure to thin ideal characters

34
Q

Experimental research on adolescent girls

A

Exposure to thin models results in an immediate increase in girls body dissatisfaction

35
Q

Correlational research on adolescent girls

A

Tv viewing and body satisfaction findings have been mixed

36
Q

Genre matters

A

Viewing soap operas have positively been
associated with the drive for thinness

37
Q

Self-objectification

A

valuing one’s body from a third person perspective, that is how you look to others

38
Q

What does self-objectification lead to?

A

A preoccupation with one’s own physical appearance

39
Q

____ levels of self-objectification associated with _____ selfie posting

A

High, greater

40
Q

Girls who regularly share self-images on social media report higher…

A

overevaluation of shape and weight, body dissatisfaction, and internalization of the thin ideal

41
Q

Race and body types on TV-African American women

A

African-American women tend to be shown with a wider variety of body types than white women, this helps lead to healthy body image

42
Q

Race and body types on TV- White women

A

For White women, watching White characters on Tv is associated with a negative body image

43
Q

Race and body types on TV- Latina women

A

Viewing of shows with women of color is associated with greater body satisfaction, but viewing shows with mostly White cast is linked with a decrease in body satisfaction

44
Q

Body Surveillance

A

the monitoring of one’s physical appearance, can lead to body shame

45
Q

Components of self-objectification

A

behavioral- persistent body surveillance
cognitive- the tendency to value appearance over competence

46
Q

SSI

A

sexualized Instagram images

47
Q

Results from female SSI

A

Girls: Frequent viewing of Female SII= thin-ideal
internalization =valuing appearance =body
surveillance
Boys: NS

48
Q

Results for male SSI

A

Girls & Boys: Frequent viewing of Male SII=
muscular-ideal internalization= body
surveillance

49
Q

NEDA

A

National Eating Disorders Association

50
Q

Disordered Eating

A

A pattern of atypical behaviors used to achieve
or maintain a lower body weight- chronic dieting, abuse of diet pills and laxatives, and self-induced vomiting

51
Q

Eating Disorder (ED)

A

A psychiatric disorder characterized by severe
disturbances in body image and eating
behaviors- requires clinical diagnosis

52
Q

2015 Research

A

Ethnic similarity isn’t important for body image,
the size of the models/actors is

53
Q

Media-ideal internalization

A

Endorsement of the unrealistic body shape ideals portrayed in the media

54
Q

Mechanism

A

-media-ideal internalization=self-objectification
-self-objectification= body shame & appearance anxiety
-body shame & appearance anxiety =disordered eating

55
Q

Media Components- Media and disordered eating during middle childhood research

A

Awareness: knowledge of thin ideal and beauty
standards
Pressure: Perceived pressure from media
Internalization: wanting to look like media figures

56
Q

Exposure to thin-ideal media is associated with _______ eating disorder symptomatology for adolescents

A

increased

57
Q

Teens with _________ eating are more interested in thin-ideal media than those with __________ eating patterns.

A

disordered, normal

58
Q

Who engages in unhealthy weight control behaviors?

A

Teens that want to look like celebrities and teens who report feeling that the media pressures them to be thin

59
Q

Pro-anorexia and Pro-bulimia websites

A

The members do not consider
eating disorders to be serious
mental conditions that require
treatment

60
Q

On these websites eating disorders are portrayed as:

A

a positive lifestyle choice, as a condition from which one should freely choose whether to recover

61
Q

Content on these websites:

A

Thinspiration, “tips and tricks”, message boards for discussion and support

62
Q

Pro-ana website viewing decreases and increases…

A

Decreases- self-esteem, self-efficacy related to appearance, perceived attractiveness
Increases- perception of being overweight, negative mood

Psych Exam 2 (4 decks)

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