Alcohol and Drugs Flashcards
(1) Compared to adults, adolescents…
are more susceptible to effects related to memory (ex. blackouts)
(2) Compared to adults, adolescents…
are less susceptible to the sedation produced by alcohol
Adolescent can keep drinking longer without…
falling asleep, which results in higher consumption than adults
(3) Compared to adults, adolescents…
are more sensitive to the social disinhibition effects of alcohol, experience greater social comfort from intoxication
Alchohol affects 2 stages of brain development
inhibits growth of neurons
decreases myelination
What area of the body does alcohol have the greatest affect on?
developing areas of the brain
What cells in the body can alcohol kill?
Nerve cells
Why is underage drinking a problem?
Alcohol-related traffic crashes are the leading cause of death and disability among teenagers
Alcohol is the major factor in all other leading causes of deaths and injury in teens such as…
homicide, suicide, burns, drownings, and falls
Comparison of 15-16 year olds in US vs. Europe
Majority of European countries have higher intoxication rates and a greater percentage of young people report being drunk before age13
Gateway hypothesis
Marijuana use occurs prior to the use of “hard” drugs (ex. cocaine, heroine)
Do studies usually support the gateway hypothesis?
No, marijuana use is not a requirement for progression to hard drugs
Amotivational syndrome
condition in which heavy use of marijuana alters a smoker’s motivations goals and personality, results in apathy and inactivity
Does research support amotivational syndrome?
No, teens that don’t use weed show it as well
Nicotine has short-term increases
anxiety, depression and irritability, impulsivity
Long-term effects of nicotine
negatively impact attention, memory, and learning, adolescents are more susceptible to addiction
How much is invested in alcohol and tobacco advertising? What about illicit drugs?
1-2 billion in alcohol
7.6 billion in tobacco (not TV)
0 in illicit drugs
what does this tell us about media influence?
Results of assessing alcohol or drugs in 33 movies
median of 6 scenes per movie, more alcohol than drug, mostly comedies
Results of alcohol exposure through influences
64% posted about alcohol and most of these posts involved social interactions, 100% positive
Results of children’s wearing cameras to show amount of exposure
exposed to alcohol marketing 4.5 times per day, 47% of these occurred at home
MIP
Message Interpretation Process Model
Components of the MPI
Perceived Realism, perceived similarity, desirability, identification, expectancies, behavior choices
Perceived realism
Can it occur in real life?
Perceived similarity
How close does the portrayal match your life experiences
Desirability
How attractive is the media message
Identification
Desire to be like/emulate the behaviors in the media message
Expectancies
Beliefs that a particular effect will occur
The ______ component is stronger than the ________ component in the MPI.
Emotion, cognitive
Children were told to pretend they were adults and were going shopping for a party
Youth that watched PG-13 or R rated movies were more likely to purchase drugs and alcohol than those that watch G
How can eating candy cigarettes in childhood effect later cigarette use?
Nearly double the odds of becoming an adult smoker
How does advertising smoking on tv, magazines, and movies the attitudes and behaviors of smoking?
Creates positive attitudes towards smoking, increase the intention to smoke, doubles the actual initiation of smoking
PG-13 vs R rated movies with smoking
Teens see 3x the amount of smoking in PG-13 films relative to R-rated films, implication is that PG-13 more likely to influence smoking
(2018)Teens are curious about cigarettes and nicotine devices and exposure in media can…
increase curiosity and drive to use
(2021) About 9000 never smokers, but 4 years later 16% were “experimental” and 8% were current smokes, what did this study tell us?
Exposure to tobaccor social media, ads and apps predicted experimental smoking
(2021) About 9000 never smokers, but 4 years later 16% were “experimental” and 8% were current smokes, what did this study tell us?
Exposure to tobacco social media, ads and apps predicted experimental smoking
Results of Zheng 2021
Social media exposure to tobacco predicts e-cigarette use in 12 to 17 year olds
Results for 5th and 6th graders
-Exposure to alcohol in movies is associated with a greater likelihood of engaging in early onset drinking
-Effects are STRONGER for pre-teens considered to be at LOW risk for alcohol use
Results for 9 year olds
Increases in desirability, realism, similarity and identification are related to increases in intentions to use alcohol
Results for 10-15 years olds in UK
Heavier social media use was associated with more frequent alcohol consumption
Adolescents who like alcohol advertising believe that…
positive consequences of drinking are more likely, their peers drink more frequently, their peers approve more of drinking
Adolescent beliefs interact to produce a greater…
likelihood of drinking and intention to drink within the next year
The more alcohol advertising adolescents report having seen on TV, radio, billboards and magazines
the more likely they are to drink and the more likely they are to drink more in one sitting
