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Psych Exam 2 > Alcohol and Drugs > Flashcards

Alcohol and Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

(1) Compared to adults, adolescents…

A

are more susceptible to effects related to memory (ex. blackouts)

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2
Q

(2) Compared to adults, adolescents…

A

are less susceptible to the sedation produced by alcohol

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3
Q

Adolescent can keep drinking longer without…

A

falling asleep, which results in higher consumption than adults

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4
Q

(3) Compared to adults, adolescents…

A

are more sensitive to the social disinhibition effects of alcohol, experience greater social comfort from intoxication

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5
Q

Alchohol affects 2 stages of brain development

A

inhibits growth of neurons
decreases myelination

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6
Q

What area of the body does alcohol have the greatest affect on?

A

developing areas of the brain

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7
Q

What cells in the body can alcohol kill?

A

Nerve cells

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8
Q

Why is underage drinking a problem?

A

Alcohol-related traffic crashes are the leading cause of death and disability among teenagers

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9
Q

Alcohol is the major factor in all other leading causes of deaths and injury in teens such as…

A

homicide, suicide, burns, drownings, and falls

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10
Q

Comparison of 15-16 year olds in US vs. Europe

A

Majority of European countries have higher intoxication rates and a greater percentage of young people report being drunk before age13

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11
Q

Gateway hypothesis

A

Marijuana use occurs prior to the use of “hard” drugs (ex. cocaine, heroine)

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12
Q

Do studies usually support the gateway hypothesis?

A

No, marijuana use is not a requirement for progression to hard drugs

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13
Q

Amotivational syndrome

A

condition in which heavy use of marijuana alters a smoker’s motivations goals and personality, results in apathy and inactivity

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14
Q

Does research support amotivational syndrome?

A

No, teens that don’t use weed show it as well

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15
Q

Nicotine has short-term increases

A

anxiety, depression and irritability, impulsivity

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16
Q

Long-term effects of nicotine

A

negatively impact attention, memory, and learning, adolescents are more susceptible to addiction

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17
Q

How much is invested in alcohol and tobacco advertising? What about illicit drugs?

A

1-2 billion in alcohol
7.6 billion in tobacco (not TV)
0 in illicit drugs
what does this tell us about media influence?

18
Q

Results of assessing alcohol or drugs in 33 movies

A

median of 6 scenes per movie, more alcohol than drug, mostly comedies

19
Q

Results of alcohol exposure through influences

A

64% posted about alcohol and most of these posts involved social interactions, 100% positive

20
Q

Results of children’s wearing cameras to show amount of exposure

A

exposed to alcohol marketing 4.5 times per day, 47% of these occurred at home

21
Q

MIP

A

Message Interpretation Process Model

22
Q

Components of the MPI

A

Perceived Realism, perceived similarity, desirability, identification, expectancies, behavior choices

23
Q

Perceived realism

A

Can it occur in real life?

24
Q

Perceived similarity

A

How close does the portrayal match your life experiences

25
Q

Desirability

A

How attractive is the media message

26
Q

Identification

A

Desire to be like/emulate the behaviors in the media message

27
Q

Expectancies

A

Beliefs that a particular effect will occur

28
Q

The ______ component is stronger than the ________ component in the MPI.

A

Emotion, cognitive

29
Q

Children were told to pretend they were adults and were going shopping for a party

A

Youth that watched PG-13 or R rated movies were more likely to purchase drugs and alcohol than those that watch G

30
Q

How can eating candy cigarettes in childhood effect later cigarette use?

A

Nearly double the odds of becoming an adult smoker

31
Q

How does advertising smoking on tv, magazines, and movies the attitudes and behaviors of smoking?

A

Creates positive attitudes towards smoking, increase the intention to smoke, doubles the actual initiation of smoking

32
Q

PG-13 vs R rated movies with smoking

A

Teens see 3x the amount of smoking in PG-13 films relative to R-rated films, implication is that PG-13 more likely to influence smoking

33
Q

(2018)Teens are curious about cigarettes and nicotine devices and exposure in media can…

A

increase curiosity and drive to use

34
Q

(2021) About 9000 never smokers, but 4 years later 16% were “experimental” and 8% were current smokes, what did this study tell us?

A

Exposure to tobaccor social media, ads and apps predicted experimental smoking

35
Q

(2021) About 9000 never smokers, but 4 years later 16% were “experimental” and 8% were current smokes, what did this study tell us?

A

Exposure to tobacco social media, ads and apps predicted experimental smoking

36
Q

Results of Zheng 2021

A

Social media exposure to tobacco predicts e-cigarette use in 12 to 17 year olds

37
Q

Results for 5th and 6th graders

A

-Exposure to alcohol in movies is associated with a greater likelihood of engaging in early onset drinking
-Effects are STRONGER for pre-teens considered to be at LOW risk for alcohol use

38
Q

Results for 9 year olds

A

Increases in desirability, realism, similarity and identification are related to increases in intentions to use alcohol

39
Q

Results for 10-15 years olds in UK

A

Heavier social media use was associated with more frequent alcohol consumption

40
Q

Adolescents who like alcohol advertising believe that…

A

positive consequences of drinking are more likely, their peers drink more frequently, their peers approve more of drinking

41
Q

Adolescent beliefs interact to produce a greater…

A

likelihood of drinking and intention to drink within the next year

42
Q

The more alcohol advertising adolescents report having seen on TV, radio, billboards and magazines

A

the more likely they are to drink and the more likely they are to drink more in one sitting

Psych Exam 2 (4 decks)

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