Alcohol and Drugs

Question 1

(1) Compared to adults, adolescents…

Answer 1

are more susceptible to effects related to memory (ex. blackouts)

Question 2

(2) Compared to adults, adolescents…

Answer 2

are less susceptible to the sedation produced by alcohol

Question 3

Adolescent can keep drinking longer without…

Answer 3

falling asleep, which results in higher consumption than adults

Question 4

(3) Compared to adults, adolescents…

Answer 4

are more sensitive to the social disinhibition effects of alcohol, experience greater social comfort from intoxication

Question 5

Alchohol affects 2 stages of brain development

Answer 5

inhibits growth of neurons
decreases myelination

Question 6

What area of the body does alcohol have the greatest affect on?

Answer 6

developing areas of the brain

Question 7

What cells in the body can alcohol kill?

Answer 7

Nerve cells

Question 8

Why is underage drinking a problem?

Answer 8

Alcohol-related traffic crashes are the leading cause of death and disability among teenagers

Question 9

Alcohol is the major factor in all other leading causes of deaths and injury in teens such as…

Answer 9

homicide, suicide, burns, drownings, and falls

Question 10

Comparison of 15-16 year olds in US vs. Europe

Answer 10

Majority of European countries have higher intoxication rates and a greater percentage of young people report being drunk before age13

Question 11

Gateway hypothesis

Answer 11

Marijuana use occurs prior to the use of “hard” drugs (ex. cocaine, heroine)

Question 12

Do studies usually support the gateway hypothesis?

Answer 12

No, marijuana use is not a requirement for progression to hard drugs

Question 13

Amotivational syndrome

Answer 13

condition in which heavy use of marijuana alters a smoker’s motivations goals and personality, results in apathy and inactivity

Question 14

Does research support amotivational syndrome?

Answer 14

No, teens that don’t use weed show it as well

Question 15

Nicotine has short-term increases

Answer 15

anxiety, depression and irritability, impulsivity

Question 16

Long-term effects of nicotine

Answer 16

negatively impact attention, memory, and learning, adolescents are more susceptible to addiction

Question 17

How much is invested in alcohol and tobacco advertising? What about illicit drugs?

Answer 17

1-2 billion in alcohol
7.6 billion in tobacco (not TV)
0 in illicit drugs
what does this tell us about media influence?

Question 18

Results of assessing alcohol or drugs in 33 movies

Answer 18

median of 6 scenes per movie, more alcohol than drug, mostly comedies

Question 19

Results of alcohol exposure through influences

Answer 19

64% posted about alcohol and most of these posts involved social interactions, 100% positive

Question 20

Results of children’s wearing cameras to show amount of exposure

Answer 20

exposed to alcohol marketing 4.5 times per day, 47% of these occurred at home

Question 21

MIP

Answer 21

Message Interpretation Process Model

Question 22

Components of the MPI

Answer 22

Perceived Realism, perceived similarity, desirability, identification, expectancies, behavior choices

Question 23

Perceived realism

Answer 23

Can it occur in real life?

Question 24

Perceived similarity

Answer 24

How close does the portrayal match your life experiences

Question 25

Desirability

Answer 25

How attractive is the media message

Question 26

Identification

Answer 26

Desire to be like/emulate the behaviors in the media message

Question 27

Expectancies

Answer 27

Beliefs that a particular effect will occur

Question 28

The ______ component is stronger than the ________ component in the MPI.

Answer 28

Emotion, cognitive

Question 29

Children were told to pretend they were adults and were going shopping for a party

Answer 29

Youth that watched PG-13 or R rated movies were more likely to purchase drugs and alcohol than those that watch G

Question 30

How can eating candy cigarettes in childhood effect later cigarette use?

Answer 30

Nearly double the odds of becoming an adult smoker

Question 31

How does advertising smoking on tv, magazines, and movies the attitudes and behaviors of smoking?

Answer 31

Creates positive attitudes towards smoking, increase the intention to smoke, doubles the actual initiation of smoking

Question 32

PG-13 vs R rated movies with smoking

Answer 32

Teens see 3x the amount of smoking in PG-13 films relative to R-rated films, implication is that PG-13 more likely to influence smoking

Question 33

(2018)Teens are curious about cigarettes and nicotine devices and exposure in media can...

Answer 33

increase curiosity and drive to use

Question 34

(2021) About 9000 never smokers, but 4 years later 16% were "experimental" and 8% were current smokes, what did this study tell us?

Answer 34

Exposure to tobaccor social media, ads and apps predicted experimental smoking

Question 35

(2021) About 9000 never smokers, but 4 years later 16% were "experimental" and 8% were current smokes, what did this study tell us?

Answer 35

Exposure to tobacco social media, ads and apps predicted experimental smoking

Question 36

Results of Zheng 2021

Answer 36

Social media exposure to tobacco predicts e-cigarette use in 12 to 17 year olds

Question 37

Results for 5th and 6th graders

Answer 37

-Exposure to alcohol in movies is associated with a greater likelihood of engaging in early onset drinking -Effects are STRONGER for pre-teens considered to be at LOW risk for alcohol use

Question 38

Results for 9 year olds

Answer 38

Increases in desirability, realism, similarity and identification are related to increases in intentions to use alcohol

Question 39

Results for 10-15 years olds in UK

Answer 39

Heavier social media use was associated with more frequent alcohol consumption

Question 40

Adolescents who like alcohol advertising believe that...

Answer 40

positive consequences of drinking are more likely, their peers drink more frequently, their peers approve more of drinking

Question 41

Adolescent beliefs interact to produce a greater...

Answer 41

likelihood of drinking and intention to drink within the next year

Question 42

The more alcohol advertising adolescents report having seen on TV, radio, billboards and magazines

Answer 42

the more likely they are to drink and the more likely they are to drink more in one sitting